Effect of laser heat-treatment on the structure and properties of man-made fibres

Putna, V. P.; Zhiemyalis, R. F.; Pakshver, A. B.

doi:10.1007/bf00548049

Fibre Chem

1982

DOI: 10.1007/bf00548049

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Effect of laser heat-treatment on the structure and properties of man-made fibres

V. P. Putna¹,

R. F. Zhiemyalis²,

A. B. Pakshver³

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“…Laser radiation is of special interest for the modification of polymeric fibres. It can be used to control chemical processes and to increase the reaction rate, mass yield, and purity of the products compared with traditional modification methods [4][5][6]. Its application to fire-protection of textiles also seemed interesting.…”

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Theoretical justification for the fire-protection modification of textiles through the action of laser radiation

Besshaposhnikova

2012

Fibre Chem

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A theoretical justification and the conditions of use for multi-photon laser radiation in fire-protection of textiles were presented. A radical mechanism of chemical bond dissociation under the effects of multi-photon laser quanta was demonstrated. The reaction of polymer fibre radicals and fire retardant made the fire-protection treatment resistant to laundering whereas the formation of additional intermolecular bonds increased the structural ordering and the strength of the textiles.A promising direction for improved modification of textiles is the use of physical methods such as the treatment of materials with a gaseous corona discharge, high-frequency plasma, photochemical UV radiation, and irradiation by a beam of fast electrons, etc. [1][2][3]. Laser radiation is of special interest for the modification of polymeric fibres. It can be used to control chemical processes and to increase the reaction rate, mass yield, and purity of the products compared with traditional modification methods [4][5][6]. Its application to fire-protection of textiles also seemed interesting.IR radiation generated by a CO 2 -laser with wavelength 10.6 μm is widely used to modify polymers. These instruments currently have high efficiencies, are available and ecologically safe, and are convenient and simple to service. This makes them attractive for use in creating innovative technologies for fire-protection of textiles [7].The proposed theoretical justification of the physicochemical processes for modifying natural and chemical fibres and textiles with the phosphorus-containing fire retardants (FRs) dimethylmethylphosphonate (DMMP), phosdiol (PD), and methylphosphonamide (T-2) through the action of CO 2 -laser radiation was based on tenets of the theory of multi-photon excitation of their chemical bonds [8,9]. This theory has already been used to describe and confirm in practice many reactions that are initiated by CO 2 -laser radiation.Polymers are known to absorb selectively laser radiation (LR), the frequency of which coincides with the vibrational frequency of their bonds, i.e., through a resonance effect. Selective absorption of LR opens possibilities for targeted structural modification of fibre-forming polymers. Considering that CO 2 -laser radiation falls in the frequency range 900-1100 cm -1 , ···C-O-, ···C=O, and ···N-H bonds occurring in the structures of fibre-forming polymers and FRs absorb most of the radiation and are excited.Laser radiation incident on the material surface (E tot ) is distributed as follows. A part of the energy is absorbed (E a ); a part is reflected (E r ), and a part passes through the porous textile structure (E p ):The absorption coefficient of incident energy depends on the thermophysical properties and surface state of the treated material. Therefore, the greater the porosity of the textile cloth and the fibre reflection coefficient are, the more exposure energy (E exp ) the cloth can retain. The greater the thermal conductivity coefficient of the cloth (K t ) is, the greater the rate and dept...

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Theoretical justification for the fire-protection modification of textiles through the action of laser radiation

Besshaposhnikova

2012

Fibre Chem

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“…They include treatment of the materials in the gaseous medium of corona glow discharge, high-frequency plasma treatment, photochemical treatment using UV radiation, radiation treatment with a fast electron beam [1][2][3][4][5], and treatment with laser radiation [6,7]. However, there are no studies on utilization of the energy of laser radiation (LR) in modification processes to give flameproof properties to materials and articles in light industry.…”

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Flameproofing modification of synthetic materials by laser radiation

et al. 2008

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677.46.494:536.46 L. G. Panova, T. V. Kulikova, O. A. Grishina, V. A. Shteinle, and M. V. ZagoruikoV. I.A method of giving flameproof properties to materials and articles in light industry by modification with phosphorus-containing flame retardants under the effect of the energy from CO 2 laser radiation was developed. The optimum modification parameters (LR power density of 5.3 W/cm 2 , treatment time of 30 sec, concentration of flame retardant (FR) in 5-10% solution, impregnation time of 100-120 sec), which allow obtaining flameproof materials with high performance properties were determined. The oxygen index of the cloth increased to 29.5-42%, the breaking strength increased by 8.5-21%, and the abrasion resistance increased by 5-12% without worsening the hygroscopicity and air permeability. The activating effect of laser radiation on the modification process was demonstrated; it resulted in an increase in the sorption capacity of the fibre structure of the materials, diffusion of FR into the bulk of the fibres, uniform distribution of the fibres in the form of finely disperse particles, intensification of the reaction of the components, ordering of the structure, and improvement in the physicomechanical properties of materials and articles in light industry. The method saves on expensive raw materials flame retardants due to conducting the modification from lowconcentration solutions and allows expanding the line of flameproof materials.To increase the quality of textile materials or give them specific properties flameproofing, water-resistance, bactericidal, etc., physicochemical methods of treating the surface of fibres and fabrics are widely used to form active centers. They include treatment of the materials in the gaseous medium of corona glow discharge, high-frequency plasma treatment, photochemical treatment using UV radiation, radiation treatment with a fast electron beam [1][2][3][4][5], and treatment with laser radiation [6,7]. However, there are no studies on utilization of the energy of laser radiation (LR) in modification processes to give flameproof properties to materials and articles in light industry. For this reason, a method must urgently be developed to give materials and articles in light industry low combustibility by modification with different phosphorus-containing flame retardants using the energy of CO 2 laser radiation for activating their reaction.We used the phosphorus-containing compounds Phosdiol-A (PD) and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) and the phosphorus-nitrogen-containing compound methyl phosphonamide T-2 (T-2). Fabrics, nonwovens, and fibres made from synthetic fibre-forming polymers were modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) (lavsan), polyacrylonitrile (nitron), and polycaproamide (capron). Flameproofing treatment of the textile materials was conducted with aqueous solutions of the flame retardants investigated in a concentration of 3 to 50% under the effect of LR and impregnation without LR.We know [8-10] that polymers selectively absorb LR whose bond vibration frequenc...

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Effect of laser heat-treatment on the structure and properties of man-made fibres

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Theoretical justification for the fire-protection modification of textiles through the action of laser radiation

Theoretical justification for the fire-protection modification of textiles through the action of laser radiation

Flameproofing modification of synthetic materials by laser radiation

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