“…Increased microvascular permeability, which is induced by vascular endothelial cell damage, plays a primary role in the process of pulmonary dysfunction after I/R [2][3][4]. Many agents that protect against pulmonary I/R injury has been known to suppress the increased vascular permeability by inhibiting oxygen free radicals [5], neutrophil elastases [6], neutrophil adhesion to endothelium, or inflammatory cytokines [7].…”