Effect of lemon leaves on energy and C–N balances, methane emission, and milk performance in Murciano-Granadina dairy goats

Fernández, Carlos; Martí, José V.; Pérez-Baena, I.; Palomares, J.L.; Ibáñez, Carla; Segarra, José V

doi:10.1093/jas/sky028

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Therefore, energetically, goats fed these diets metabolize more feed carbon to milk production than goats fed mixed diets with alfalfa hay as forage from the study of Just et al [29]; 16%. However, the ratio between milk N output and N ingested was similar between diets and with the study of Fernández et al [30]; 22%.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

An Open-Circuit Indirect Calorimetry Head Hood System for Measuring Methane Emission and Energy Metabolism in Small Ruminants

Fernández

Gomis-Tena

Hernández

et al. 2019

Animals

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Methane (CH4) is a natural by-product of microbial fermentation in the rumen and is a powerful greenhouse gas. An open-circuit indirect calorimetry system for continuous determination of CH4 and CO2 production and O2 consumption and, thereafter, heat production (HP) calculation for small ruminants was described and validated. The system consisted of a computerized control, data acquisition and recording system for gases and air flux. The average value ± standard deviation for the calibration factors in the system were 1.005 ± 0.0007 (n = 6), 1.013 ± 0.0012 (n = 6) and 0.988 ± 0.0035 (n = 6) for O2, CO2 and CH4, respectively. Calibration factors close to 1 confirmed the absence of leaks in the indirect calorimetry system. In addition, an experimental test with 8 goats at mid lactation was conducted to validate the system. The repeatability for CH4 and heat production measured with the open-circuit indirect calorimetry system was 79% and 61%, respectively. Daily average HP measured by indirect calorimetry (Respiration Quotient method) was close to the average HP determined from Carbon-Nitrogen balance (CN method), accounting for 685 and 667 kJ per kg metabolic body weight, respectively. Therefore, discrepancies averaged 1.92%, a rather satisfactory value considering the substantial amount of technical and analytical work involved. The close agreement found between both methods can be considered as being indicative of the absence of systematic error. Two diets with different forage were tested: 40% was either alfalfa hay (HAY) or alfalfa silage (SIL), and the proportion of concentrate was the same in both groups (60%). The experimental trial shown that HP and CH4 were higher in HAY than SIL diet (differences between treatments of 28 kJ of HP per kg of metabolic body weight and 7.1 L CH4/day were found). The data acquisition and recording device developed improved the accuracy of the indirect calorimetry system by reducing the work involved in managing output data and refining the functionality for measuring gas exchange and energy metabolism in small ruminants.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

An Open-Circuit Indirect Calorimetry Head Hood System for Measuring Methane Emission and Energy Metabolism in Small Ruminants

Fernández

Gomis-Tena

Hernández

et al. 2019

Animals

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The increase in C18:0 and CLA with LRS were probably associated with greater intake of PUFA and, therefore, greater rate of biohydrogenation (Table 2 shows FA profiles of CON and LRS diets). Fernández et al (2018) reported that lemon leaves contain 3% EE, with high concentrations of C18: 1n -9 cis, C18: 2n -6 cis, and C18: 3n -3, which are known for their antibacterial activities (Desbois and Smith, 2010). Atherogenicity and thrombogenic indices were calculated as indicated by Ulbricht and Southgate (1991), and from a human health standpoint the lower index of LRS compared with CON suggested higher quality.…”

Section: Romero Et Al: Dietary Citrus Leaves and Methane Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusion of lemon leaves and rice straw into compound feed and its effect on nutrient balance, milk yield, and methane emissions in dairy goats

Romero

Pérez-Baena

Larsen

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of incorporating lemon leaves and rice straw into the compound feed of diets for dairy goats. Ten Murciano-Granadina dairy goats (n = 5 per group) in mid-lactation were used in a crossover design experiment (2 treatments across 2 periods). Goats were fed a mixed ration with barley grain (control, CON) or CON plus lemon leaves [189 g/kg of dry matter (DM)] and rice straw (120 g/kg of DM) in place of barley grain (LRS). Soybean oil (19 g/kg of DM) was added to the LRS diet to make it isoenergetic (17 MJ of gross energy/kg of DM) relative to CON. After 14 d on their respective treatments, goats were allocated to individual metabolism cages for another 7 d. Subsequently, feed intake, total fecal and urine output, and milk yield were recorded daily over the first 5 d. During the last 2 d, ruminal fluid and blood samples were collected, along with individual gas exchange measurements recorded by a mobile open-circuit indirect calorimetry system using a head box. No differences in DM intake were detected, and ME intake in LRS was lower than in CON (1,095 vs. 1,180 kJ/kg of metabolic body weight). No differences were observed in milk production, but milk fat content was greater in LRS (6.4%) than in CON (5.6%). Greater concentrations of monounsaturated (14.94 vs. 11.96 g/100 g of milk fat) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (4.53 vs. 4.03 g/100 g of milk fat) were detected in the milk of goats fed LRS compared with CON. Atherogenicity (2.68 vs.1.91) and thrombogenic (4.58 vs. 2.81) indices were lower with LRS compared with CON. Enteric CH 4 emission was lower in LRS (24.3 g/d) compared with CON (31.1 g/d), probably due to the greater lipid content and unsaturated fatty acid profile of lemon leaves and the soybean oil added in the LRS diet. Overall, data suggest that incorporating lemon leaves and rice straw into lactating goat diets is effective in reducing CH 4 emissions while allowing improvements in milk fat production and milk thrombogenic index without affecting production performance. Thus, their inclusion in compound feeds fed to small ruminants appears warranted and would have multiple positive effects, as on efficiency of nutrient use, human health, and the environment.

show abstract

“…Therefore, as a substitute for assessing the model performance, we decided to compare CH 4 yield predicted using Equation (1) or using the relationship between CH 4 yield and the molar proportions of VFA (acetate, propionate and butyrate) in rumen fluid as described in recent research [27]. The results from nine studies (21 treatments and 187 individual observations) in the dataset that reported molar proportions of VFA in rumen fluid were used for the comparison [11][12][13][14][15][16]18,19,22]. The descriptive statistics of the variables used in the calculations and of the predicted CH 4 yields according to both methods are shown in Table 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Any treatment where CH 4 emission was manipulated by administering chemical additives to the animals was excluded. Twelve peer reviewed research papers that involved a total of 30 treatments with 223 individual observations fulfilled the requirements (Table 1) [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The experimental diets were very varied and included hays, silages, agro-industrial by-products, cereals, protein concentrates and fat sources.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Meta-Analytic Approach to Predict Methane Emissions from Dairy Goats Using Milk Fatty Acid Profile

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this work was to develop an equation to predict methane yield (CH4, g/kg dry matter intake) from dairy goats using milk fatty acid (FA) profile. Data from 12 research papers (30 treatments and 223 individual observations) were used in a meta-regression. Since most of the selected studies did not extensively report milk fat composition, palmitic acid (C16:0) was selected as a potential predictor. The obtained equation was: CH4 (g/kg dry matter intake) = 0.525 × C16:0 (% in milk fat). The coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.46), the root mean square error of prediction (RMSPE = 3.16 g/kg dry matter intake), and the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC = 0.65) indicated that the precision, accuracy and reproducibility of the model were moderate. The relationship between CH4 yield and C16:0 content in milk fat would be supported by the fact that diet characteristics that increase the amount of available hydrogen in the rumen for archaea to produce CH4, simultaneously favor the conditions for the synthesis of C16:0 in the mammary gland. The obtained equation might be useful, along with previous published equations based on diet characteristics, to evaluate the environmental impact of dairy goat farming.

show abstract

Effect of lemon leaves on energy and C–N balances, methane emission, and milk performance in Murciano-Granadina dairy goats

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

An Open-Circuit Indirect Calorimetry Head Hood System for Measuring Methane Emission and Energy Metabolism in Small Ruminants

An Open-Circuit Indirect Calorimetry Head Hood System for Measuring Methane Emission and Energy Metabolism in Small Ruminants

Inclusion of lemon leaves and rice straw into compound feed and its effect on nutrient balance, milk yield, and methane emissions in dairy goats

A Meta-Analytic Approach to Predict Methane Emissions from Dairy Goats Using Milk Fatty Acid Profile

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About