Effect of Level of Energy Intake and Influence of Breed and Sex on the Chemical Composition of Cattle

Fortin, A.; Simpfendorfer, S.; Reid, J. T.; Ayala, H. J.; Anrique, René; Kertz, A.F.

doi:10.2527/jas1980.513604x

Cited by 77 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…With respect to the allometric growth coefficients relative to the fat-free empty body, Fortin et al (1980) estimated for Holstein steers values of 1.09 and 0.95 for protein and water, respectively; protein and water accretion rates were similar to those of the present study. Robelin and Geay (1978) estimated allometric growth coefficients for protein and water of 1.06 and 0.98, respectively, in a number of literature sources describing studies that had included various breeds.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The overall slope of protein relative to the empty body for farm animals (0.85) was similar to the values reported by ARC (1980) (0.89 for cattle and 0.90 for sheep, respectively). The overall slope of water relative to the empty body for farm animals (0.76) was similar to the values reported by Fortin et al (1980) in Angus steers of 0.74 and that reported by Schinckel et al (2008) in low-lean gain barrows of 0.81.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…With respect to the allometric growth coefficient for fat relative to the empty body, Fortin et al (1980) estimated a value of 1.84 in Angus steers, ARC (1980) estimated a value of 2.02 in Merino castrates and Schinckel et al (2008) estimated a value range in barrows of 1.56 to 1.76. These estimates were similar to those of the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interspecies differences in the empty body chemical composition of domestic animals

Maeno

Oishi

Hirooka

2013

Animal

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Domestication of animals has resulted in phenotypic changes by means of natural and human-directed selection. Body composition is important for farm animals because it reflects the status of energy reserves. Thus, there is the possibility that farm animals as providers of food have been more affected by human-directed selection for body composition than laboratory animals. In this study, an analysis was conducted to determine what similarities and differences in body composition occur between farm and laboratory animals using literature data obtained from seven comparative slaughter studies ( n 5 136 observations). Farm animals from four species (cattle, goats, pigs and sheep) were all castrated males, whereas laboratory animals from three species (dogs, mice and rats) comprised males and/or females. All animals were fed ad libitum. The allometric equation, Y 5aX b , was used to determine the influence of species on the accretion rates of chemical components ( Y, kg) relative to the growth of the empty body, fat-free empty body or protein weights ( X, kg). There were differences between farm and laboratory animals in terms of the allometric growth coefficients for chemical components relative to the empty BW and fat-free empty BW ( P , 0.01); farm animals had more rapid accretion rates of fat ( P , 0.01) but laboratory animals had more rapid accretion rates of protein, water and ash ( P , 0.01). In contrast, there was no difference in terms of the allometric growth coefficients for protein and water within farm animals ( P . 0.2). The allometric growth coefficients for ash weight relative to protein weight for six species except sheep were not different from a value of 1 ( P . 0.1), whereas that of sheep was smaller than 1 ( P , 0.01). When compared at the same fat content of the empty body, the rate of change in water content (%) per unit change in fat content (%) was not different ( P . 0.05) across farm animal species and similar ash-to-protein ratios were obtained except for dogs. The fraction of empty body energy gain retained as fat increased in a curvilinear manner, and there was little variation among farm animals at the same fat content of the empty body. These findings may provide the opportunity to develop a general model to predict empty body composition across farm animal species. In contrast, there were considerable differences of chemical body composition between farm and laboratory animals.Keywords: allometric relationship, body composition, farm animals, interspecies comparison, laboratory animals ImplicationsIn this study, the chemical compositions of the empty body of different domestic species were compared, and the results indicated that there were common allometric relationships between two components (protein and water weights) and fat-free empty BW across farm animal species. This type of information could be useful for the development of a general model of reliably predicting chemical composition and energy content of gain in farm animal species. Furthermore, remarkable interspecies diff...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interspecies differences in the empty body chemical composition of domestic animals

Maeno

Oishi

Hirooka

2013

Animal

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“…Em revisão, Reid (1972), citado por Fortin et al (1980), estudou composição corporal de várias espécies e demonstrou que o componente mais variável é a gordura e que a variação de outros componentes foi reflexo das mudanças na proporção de gordura.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Composição corporal e exigências líquidas de proteína e energia de bovinos de quatro grupos genéticos terminados em confinamento

et al. 2008

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RESUMO -Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar a composição corporal e as exigências para crescimento de bovinos de quatro grupos genéticos em confinamento. Utilizou-se a metodologia de abate comparativo, com delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos: Nelore (NE), ½ Aberdeen Angus + ½ Nelore (AN), ½ Canchim + ½ Nelore (CN) e ½ Simental + ½ Nelore (SN). Quarenta e sete animais castrados, com média de 22 meses de idade e peso em jejum de 310 kg, foram confinados por 101 dias. A dieta experimental continha 13,34% de proteína bruta (PB) e 71,81% de nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT). A composição do corte da 9 a -10 a -11 a costelas foi utilizada para estimar a composição do corpo vazio. Bovinos AN (428 kg) e SN (410 kg) não diferiram quanto ao peso final de corpo vazio, que foi semelhante também entre os animais CN, NE e SN (389, 390 e 410 kg, respectivamente). Animais AN tiveram maior proporção de gordura no corte das costelas, porém menor proporção de músculo. A menor porcentagem de ossos no corte das costelas foi observada nos animais da raça Nelore. Os grupos AN e SN tiveram maior proporção de extrato etéreo (EE) e menor porcentagem de água no corpo vazio no momento do abate. Animais AN, NE e SN não diferiram quanto à taxa de deposição de energia (6,06, 5,20 e 5,80 Mcal/dia, respectivamente). O grupo AN não diferiu dos grupos CN e SN quanto à proporção de EE na composição do ganho de peso do corpo vazio. Bovinos SN apresentaram maior exigência de proteína (0,164 kg/kg de ganho de peso vazio -GPV) e os animais AN e CN, o menor valor (0,140 e 0,142 kg/kg de GPV, respectivamente). Animais AN tiveram a maior exigência líquida de energia para ganho (4,685 Mcal/kg de GPVz).Palavras-chave: bovinos de corte, composição corporal, cruzamento, exigências líquidas, Nelore, taxas de deposição Body composition and protein and energy net requeriments of steers of four genetic groups finished in feedlotABSTRACT -The body composition and protein and energy requirements for growth of steers of four genetic groups finished in feedlot were evaluated in this experiment. comparative slaughter method was used in a completely randomly experimental design, with four treatments: Nellore (NE), ½ Aberdeen Angus + ½ Nellore (AN), ½ Canchim + ½ Nellore (CN) e ½ Simmental + ½ Nellore (SN). Forty-seven steers averaging 310 kg initial shrunk body weight (SBW) and 22 months were fed during 101 days in a feedlot. Diet on feedlot had the following composition: crude protein, 13.34%; rumen degradable protein, 9.35%; and total digestible nutrients, 71.81% (estimated value). Composition of the 9 th -10 th -11 th ribs was used to calculate empty body composition. No significant differences were found between AN (428 kg) and SN (410 kg) in final empty body weight (EBW), and similarly among CN, NE and SN (389, 390 and 410 kg, respectively), but EBW of AN steers was greater than that of CN and NE cattle. AN steers had higher amount of fat percentage on rib cut. However, less proportion of muscle was observed in the AN group and less bone pe...

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“…A dieta em si pode afetar o consumo e as digestibilidades dos nutrientes e, como consequência imediata, o desempenho dos animais, bem como a composição corporal e da carcaça (Fortin et al, 1980). O uso de concentrados na dieta de bovinos de corte, seja em confinamento, ou a pasto, tem sido empregado como uma forma de melhorar o desempenho dos animais, com concomitante redução no tempo de abate ou na idade à primeira cria, o que pode proporcionar maior eficiência de produção do sistema como um todo.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Desempenho produtivo de bovinos Nelore de diferentes classes sexuais alimentados com dietas contendo dois níveis de oferta de concentrado

Paulino¹,

Filho²,

Detmann³

et al. 2008

R. Bras. Zootec.

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RESUMO -Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de classe sexual e nível de oferta de concentrado sobre o desempenho, o consumo e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes em bovinos Nelore. Trinta e cinco animais, 12 machos inteiros, 11 machos castrados e 12 fêmeas, provenientes de um mesmo grupo contemporâneo, foram distribuídos aleatoriamente a dois tratamentos, correspondentes aos níveis de oferta de concentrado, 0,6 e 1,2% do peso corporal, respectivamente. Os animais foram alimentados individualmente durante 112 dias, sendo abatidos ao final do experimento, com um grupo referência abatido ao início. Os machos inteiros foram mais eficientes, pois apresentaram maior peso final e de corpo vazio, como resultado da maior taxa de crescimento em relação às fêmeas, ficando os machos castrados em posição intermediária. Os consumos relativos de matéria seca e de todos os demais nutrientes foram superiores nas fêmeas em relação aos machos inteiros, de modo que os castrados apresentaram valores intermediários. As digestibilidades, à exceção do extrato etéreo, não foram afetadas pela classe sexual. As digestibilidades da matéria seca e matéria orgânica foram superiores para a dieta com nível de oferta de concentrado de 1,2% do PV. Classe sexual afetou o crescimento e a capacidade de consumo dos animais, porém não teve efeito sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes da dieta. Níveis de oferta de concentrado de 0,6 e 1,2% do PV não foram suficientes para promover diferenças no desempenho de bovinos Nelore, independentemente de classe sexual.Palavras-chave: bovinos de corte, crescimento, consumo, digestibilidade Productive performance of Nellore cattle of different gender fed diets containing two levels of concentrate allowanceABSTRACT -The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of sex class and concentrate allowance level on performance and digestibility of the nutrients in Nellore cattle. Thirty five animals were used, 12 young bulls, 11 steers and 12 heifers, from the same contemporary group, were randomly allotted into two treatments: concentrate allowance levels of 0.6 and 1.2% BW, respectively. The animals were individually fed during 112 days, and slaughtered at the end of the trial with a reference group slaughtered at the beginning of the trial. The young bulls were more efficient and had heavier body weight (BW) and empty body weight (EBW), as a result of their increased growth rate in relation to the heifers, with the steers presenting intermediate values. The relative intakes (% BW) of dry matter and of all other nutrients were superior in the heifers in relations to the young bulls, while the steers showed intermediate values. The digestibilities, except EE, were unaffected by sexual class. The digestibilities of dry matter and organic matter were higher for the diet with concentrate allowance of 1.2% BW. Sexual class affected the growth and the intake capacity of the animals, however with no effect on the digestibility of the nutrients of the diet. Concentrate allowance levels of 0.6 and 1.2% BW were not sufficient...

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Effect of Level of Energy Intake and Influence of Breed and Sex on the Chemical Composition of Cattle

Cited by 77 publications

References 19 publications

Interspecies differences in the empty body chemical composition of domestic animals

Interspecies differences in the empty body chemical composition of domestic animals

Composição corporal e exigências líquidas de proteína e energia de bovinos de quatro grupos genéticos terminados em confinamento

Desempenho produtivo de bovinos Nelore de diferentes classes sexuais alimentados com dietas contendo dois níveis de oferta de concentrado

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