Effect of lidocaine on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in dogs

Matsubara, Lídia Mitsuko; Oliva, Valéria Nobre Leal de Souza; Gabas, Daniela Tozadore; Oliveira, Guillermo Carlos Veiga de; Cassetari, Maria Luiza

doi:10.1111/j.1467-2995.2004.00165.x

Cited by 154 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Although this is not an MAC study, the observed reduction in the FE´Iso was greater than the reductions observed by other authors who used single infusions of morphine, lidocaine or ketamine or a combination of lidocaine and ketamine in dogs and goats (MUIR; WIESE; MARCH, 2003;VALVERDE et al, 2004;DOHERTY et al, 2007;WILSON et al, 2008). Muir, Wiese and March (2003) observed a 45% reduction of the MAC of isoflurane in dogs using the same solution (MLK) as the present study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

“…According to Valverde et al (2004), dogs anesthetized with isoflurane while receiving a continuous infusion of lidocaine at rates of 50 and 200 µg kg -1 minute -1 required 18.7 and 43.3% less halogenated agent, respectively. Another study in calves reported that lidocaine causes a decrease in heart rate that is unlikely to be of clinical significance in healthy animals but could be a concern in compromised animals (ARAÚJO et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of the morphine-lidocaine-ketamine combination on cardiopulmonary function and isoflurane sparing in sheep

Beier

Rosa

Oleskovicz³

et al. 2014

Sem. Ci. Agr.

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The aims of this study were to evaluate the isoflurane sparing and clinical effects of a constant rate infusion of morphine -lidocaine -ketamine (MLK) in healthy sheep undergoing experimental gastrointestinal surgery. Twelve adult female sheep (Texel breed) were used, weighing 36.5 ± 8.1 kg. The sheep were anesthetized for the implantation of duodenal cannulas. The sheep were premedicated with 0.3 mg kg -1 intramuscular (IM) morphine and 20 µg kg -1 intravenous (IV) detomidine. After premedication, anesthesia was induced using 5 mg kg -1 ketamine and 0.5 mg kg -1 diazepam IV and maintained using isoflurane in 100% oxygen. After the induction of anesthesia, the animals were allocated into two groups (each n=6); the GMLK (MLK group -10 mg morphine, 150 mg lidocaine, 30 mg de ketamine were added in 500 mL saline) received a 10 mL kg -1 h -1 MLK infusion during the maintenance of anesthesia, and GCON (control group) received 10 mL kg -1 h -1 of 0.9% sodium chloride. The animals were mechanically ventilated. Cardiopulmonary variables and end-tidal isoflurane concentration (FE´Iso) were measured at baseline (immediately before the surgery) and 15, 30 and 45 minutes after initiation of surgery. In GMLK, there was a decrease in the FE´Iso at 15, 30 and 45 minutes, a reduction of up to 75.6% during the surgery. The HR was lower in GMLK compared with GCON at 30 minutes, and the MAP was at during baseline in GCON compared with GMLK. The standing time was less in GMLK than in GCON. The use of intravenous MLK was demonstrated to offer great efficiency as part of a balanced anesthesia protocol in sheep, with a 75.6% reduction in the need for isoflurane, providing stability of the cardiovascular parameters and blood gases with a shortened recovery period. Key words: Sheep, morphine, lidocaine, ketamine, isoflurane ResumoOs objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a redução na concentração expirada de isoflurano, bem como os efeitos clínicos de uma infusão constante de morfina -lidocaína -cetamina (MLK) em ovinos saudáveis submetidos a cirurgia gastrointestinal experimental. Foram utilizados doze ovinos adultos da raça Texel, fêmeas, pesando 36,5 ± 8,1 kg. Os animais foram anestesiados para implantação de cânulas no duodeno, sendo pré-medicados com morfina 0,3 mg kg -1 , pela via intramuscular (IM), e detomidina 20 ug kg -1 pela via intravenosa (IV). Após a pré-medicação, a anestesia foi induzida com cetamina 5 mg kg -1 e diazepam 0,5 mg kg -1 IV, sendo mantidos com isoflurano em oxigênio a 100%. Após a indução da anestesia os animais foram divididos em dois grupos (n = 6): GMLK (grupo MLK -10 mg de morfina, 150 mg de lidocaína e 30 mg de cetamina foram adicionados em 500 ml de solução salina) que recebeu infusão contínua de MLK na taxa de 10 mL kg

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the morphine-lidocaine-ketamine combination on cardiopulmonary function and isoflurane sparing in sheep

Beier

Rosa

Oleskovicz³

et al. 2014

Sem. Ci. Agr.

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“…The clinical application of intravenous lidocaine for the treatment of acute postoperative pain in people and animals was reported more than 40 years ago [1,2]. Besides the use as local anaesthetic drug, lidocaine is also indicated for shortterm emergency control of ventricular arrythmias [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of lidocaine and its two N-desethylated metabolites in dog and horse plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Maes

Weiland

Sandersen

et al. 2007

Journal of Chromatography B

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A sensitive method for the quantification of lidocaine and its metabolites, monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) and glycinexylidide (GX), in animal plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is described. The sample preparation includes a liquid-liquid extraction with methyl tert-butylmethyl ether after addition of 2 M sodium hydroxide. Ethylmethylglycinexylidide (EMGX) is used as an internal standard. For chromatographic separation, an ODS Hypersil column was used. Isocratic elution was achieved with 0.01 M ammonium acetate and acetonitrile as mobile phases. Good linearity was observed in the range of 2.5-1000 ng ml −1 for lidocaine in both dog and horse plasma. For MEGX, linear calibration curves were obtained in the range of 5-1000 ng ml −1 and 20-1000 ng ml −1 for dog and horse plasma, respectively. In dog and horse plasma good linearity was observed in the range of 200-1500 ng ml −1 for GX. The limit of quantification (LOQ) in dog plasma for lidocaine, MEGX and GX was set at 2.5 ng ml −1 , 20 ng ml −1 and 200 ng ml −1 , respectively. For horse plasma a limit of quantification of 2.5 ng ml −1 , 5 ng ml −1 and 200 ng ml −1 was achieved for lidocaine, MEGX and GX, respectively. In dog plasma, the limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 0.8 ng ml −1 , 2.3 ng ml −1 and 55 ng ml −1 for lidocaine, MEGX and GX, respectively. In horse plasma the LOD's found for lidocaine, MEGX and GX, were 1.1 ng ml −1 , 0.5 ng ml −1 and 13 ng ml −1 , respectively. The method was shown to be of use in pharmacokinetic studies after application of a transdermal patch in dogs and after an intravenous infusion in horses.

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“…Studies with lidocaine and ketamine have demonstrated similar reductions in the MAC of isoflurane in dogs; Gutierrez-Blanco et al (2013) obtained a reduction of 22% with lidocaine; Valverde et al (2004) found an 18% reduction; and Muir et al (2003) obtained a 29% reduction. The use of these drugs, as well as reducing MAC, can offer other benefits such as improved sedation and anti-hyperalgesic effects (Gutierrez-Blanco et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Muir et al (2003) demonstrated that lidocaine reduces the need for isoflurane in dogs by 29% when used as part of an IV continuous infusion. Valverde et al (2004) found an 18% reduction with the same drug.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Comparison of continuous intravenous infusion of tramadol and tramadol-lidocaine-ketamine in the sevoflurane requirement in dogs

et al. 2017

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RESUMO.-[Comparação da infusão continua intravenosa de tramadol e de tramadol-lidocaína-cetamina no requerimento de sevofluorano em cães.] O objetivodeste estudo foi comparar a influência da infusão contínua intravenosa do tramadol isolado e associado com lidocaína e cetamina, na concentração alveolar mínima de sevofluorano (CAMsevo) em cadelas submetidas à ovariosalpingohisterectomia. Foram utilizados 28 animais saudáveis de várias raças e idades, divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de acordo com a infusão adminstrada: TRA (tramadol) ou TLK (tramadol, lidocaína e cetamina). A medicação pré-anestésica foi realizada com acepromazina e midazolam, em seguida, a anestesia foi induzida com propofol e mantida com sevofluorano. Quinze minutos após a indução, os pacientes receberam um bolus do tratamento, com a infusão continua iniciada logo em seguida, sendo 1,3mg/kg/ hora de tramadol, associado ou não a 3mg/kg/hora de lidocaína e 0,6mg/kg/hora de cetamina, diluidos em uma bolsa The objective of this study was to compare the influence of continuous intravenous infusion of tramadol alone, or tramadol combined with lidocaine and ketamine, on minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane (MACsevo) of dogs undergoing an ovariohysterectomy (OHE). We used 28 healthy dogs of various breeds and age, randomly divided into two groups according to the infusion given: TRA (tramadol alone) or TLK (tramadol, lidocaine and ketamine). The patients were premedicated with acepromazine and midazolam, and then anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with sevoflurane. Fifteen minutes after induction, the patients received their loading dose of treatment. Then, the continuous infusion was then set to 1.3mg/kg/hour of tramadol with or without 3mg/kg/ hour of lidocaine and 0.6mg/kg/hour of ketamine, diluted in a 500mL bag of saline solution at an infusion rate of 10mL/kg/hour. The Dixon method was chosen to determine the MACsevo and a skin incision was used as a noxious stimulus. An unpaired Student's t-test was used to identify statistically significant differences between the treatments. These differences were considered significant when p<0.05. The MACsevo of the TRA group was 1.22±0.15 vol% and the MACsevo of the TLK group was 0.85±0.22 vol%. We conclude that TLK infusion decreased the MACsevo by 30.22% compared to tramadol alone, demonstrating that the combination of drugs was effective in reducing MACsevo in dogs.INDEX TERMS: Tramadol, tramadol-lidocaine-ketamine, sevoflurane, dogs, analgesia, anesthesia, inhalant, MAC.

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Effect of lidocaine on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in dogs

Cited by 154 publications

References 23 publications

Effects of the morphine-lidocaine-ketamine combination on cardiopulmonary function and isoflurane sparing in sheep

Effects of the morphine-lidocaine-ketamine combination on cardiopulmonary function and isoflurane sparing in sheep

Determination of lidocaine and its two N-desethylated metabolites in dog and horse plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Comparison of continuous intravenous infusion of tramadol and tramadol-lidocaine-ketamine in the sevoflurane requirement in dogs

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