Effect of Light and Dark on the Phenolic Compound Accumulation in Tartary Buckwheat Hairy Roots Overexpressing ZmLC

Abstract

Fagopyrum tataricum ‘Hokkai T10′ is a buckwheat cultivar capable of producing large amounts of phenolic compounds, including flavonoids (anthocyanins), phenolic acids, and catechin, which have antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we revealed that the maize transcription factor Lc increased the accumulation of phenolic compounds, including sinapic acid, 4-hydroxybenzonate, t-cinnamic acid, and rutin, in Hokkai T10 hairy roots cultured under long-photoperiod (16 h light and 8 h dark) conditions. The transcription factor upregulated phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway genes, yielding total phenolic contents reaching 27.0 ± 3.30 mg g−1 dry weight, 163% greater than the total flavonoid content produced by a GUS-overexpressing line (control). In contrast, when cultured under continuous darkness, the phenolic accumulation was not significantly different between the ZmLC-overexpressing hairy roots and the control. These findings suggest that the transcription factor (ZmLC) activity may be light-responsive in the ZmLC-overexpressing hairy roots of F. tataricum, triggering activation of the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. Further studies are required on the optimization of light intensity in ZmLC-overexpressing hairy roots of F. tataricum to enhance the production of phenolic compounds.

Expression Analysis of Phenylpropanoid Pathway Genes and Metabolomic Analysis of Phenylpropanoid Compounds in Adventitious, Hairy, and Seedling Roots of Tartary Buckwheat

“…The actin was used as the internal control. The primers for analyzing the phenylpropanoid pathway genes expression were obtained from Park et al [ 30 ] ( Table S2 ). Each sample was evaluated in triplicate for qRT-PCR analysis.…”

“…HPLC analysis of the phenolic compounds was performed according to the protocol described by Park et al [ 30 ]. Freeze-dried root samples were pulverized into fine powder.…”

Effects of various Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains on hairy root induction and analyses of primary and secondary metabolites in Ocimum basilicum

“…However, in the present study, the highest phenolic content was obtained in the R1601 infected strain followed by the R1200 and ATCC 13333 strains. Previous studies have reported that HRs have the ability to produce the highest content of metabolites due to higher growth rates; thus, HRs from several plant species have been used for the production of various phenolic compounds (Park et al, 2017a;Park et al, 2021). A similar result was obtained in these studies due to the higher growth rate of the R1601 infected strains which led to the highest accumulation of primary and secondary The key components, separating the O. basilicum hairy root induced by different Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains, are based on the VIP scores obtained through the PLS-DA model.…”

Resveratrol Biosynthesis in Hairy Root Cultures of Tan and Purple Seed Coat Peanuts

“…A. rhizogenes can cause transgenic hairy roots by transferring the T-DNA region to the host plant genome [22] and the rolA, rolB, and rolC genes in the T-DNA area are often involved in the induction of secondary metabolism in many plant species [23]. In particular, the previous studies reported that the expression of rolB and rolC is important for the activation of phosphorylation-the dephosphorylation process, which is a part of the signal transduction pathway that plays a main role in the activation of plant defense responses and elicitor recognition [24,25].…”