Effect of litter aggregation and pooling on detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory virus in piglet processing fluids

Vilalta, Carles; Baker, J.; Sanhueza, Juan; Murray, Deborah; Sponheim, Amanda; Álvarez, Julio; Sylvia, Fred; Polson, Dale; Torremorell, M.; Corzo, Cesar; Morrison, Robert B.

doi:10.1177/1040638719852999

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In 2007, serum and lung (tissue-lung) were the primary specimens used for ORF5 sequencing. In contrast, after the description, validation, and adoption of new pen-based sampling methods for PRRSV testing based on OF 42–44,46,51 and PF, 26,27,59,61,63,64 OFs and PFs were also used for ORF5 sequencing, in agreement with other reports. 60…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

PRRSV2 genetic diversity defined by RFLP patterns in the United States from 2007 to 2019

et al. 2021

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The genetic diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) increases over time. In 1998, restriction-fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern analysis was introduced to differentiate PRRSV wild-type strains from VR2332, a reference strain from which a commercial vaccine (Ingelvac PRRS MLV) was derived. We have characterized here the PRRSV genetic diversity within selected RFLP families over time and U.S. geographic space, using available ISU-VDL data from 2007 to 2019. The 40,454 ORF5 sequences recovered corresponded to 228 distinct RFLPs. Four RFLPs [2-5-2 (21.2%), 1-7-4 (15.6%), 1-4-4 (11.8%), and 1-8-4 (9.9%)] represented 58.5% of all ORF5 sequences and were used for cluster analysis. Over time, there was increased detection of RFLPs 2-5-2, 1-7-4, 1-3-4, 1-3-2, and 1-12-4; decreased detection of 1-4-2, 1-18-4, 1-18-2, and 1-2-2; and different detection trends for 1-8-4, 1-4-4, 1-26-1, 1-22-2, and 1-2-4. An over-time cluster analysis revealed a single cluster for RFLP 2-5-2, supporting that sequences within RFLP 2-5-2 are still relatively conserved. For 1-7-4, 1-4-4, and 1-8-4, there were multiple clusters. State-wise cluster analysis demonstrated 4 main clusters for RFLP 1-7-4 and 1-8-4, and 6 for RFLP 1-4-4. For the other RFLPs, there was a significant genetic difference within them, particularly between states. RFLP typing is limited in its ability to discriminate among different strains of PRRSV. Understanding the magnitude of genetic divergence within RFLPs helps develop PRRSV regional control programs, placement, herd immunization strategies, and design of appropriate animal movements across borders to minimize the risk of PRRSV transmission.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

PRRSV2 genetic diversity defined by RFLP patterns in the United States from 2007 to 2019

et al. 2021

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“…Since PFs are an aggregated sample, the sensitivity to detect a positive pig or litter, if present in the sample, may decrease as more negative pigs or litters are collected. For PRRSV, however, it has already been estimated that aggregation of up to 40 litters does not hinder detection by real‐time PCR when a pig with a Ct value of ~33 is present in the sample 23. Here,~15 litters were aggregated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCR detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in piglet processing fluids in the event of a clinical respiratory disease outbreak

Vilalta

Garcia-Morante

Sanhueza

et al. 2020

Vet Record Case Reports

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Diagnosis of early infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in breeding herds remains challenging. M hyopneumoniae has been recently detected in processing fluids (PFs), an emerging sample suitable for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus monitoring in pig breeding farms. This clinical report describes the unusual detection of M hyopneumoniae in PF at the same time that a clinical respiratory disease outbreak occurred in a previously M hyopneumoniae-negative sow farm. These results provide new insights into the value that testing PF to detect M hyopneumoniae may have in breeding herds.

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“…Processing fluid samples, the serosanguineous fluid recovered from testicles and tails during processing time has been described , validated (Lebret et al, 2021;López et al, 2020;Trevisan, Jablonski, et al, 2019;Vilalta et al, 2018Vilalta et al, , 2019 and increasingly used in the United States for PRRSV monitoring in breeding herds . Processing fluid was the sample type chosen for PRRSV monitoring in this work.…”

Section: Sample Collection and Diagnostic Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description of changes of key performance indicators and PRRSV shedding over time in a naïve breeding herd following a PRRS MLV exposure

Trevisan

Johnson

Benjamin

et al. 2021

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an important economic swine disease. The usage of PRRS-modified live vaccines (MLV) is the predominant breeding herd immunologic solution used in the United States to minimize the economic losses associated with wild-type PRRS infection. Most of the current information on the effects of contemporary PRRS MLV vaccination on breeding herd performance under field conditions comes from herds with previous PRRS virus (PRRSV) exposure. Hence, there is little information on key performance indicators (KPI) changes after the exposure to a PRRS MLV in PRRSV-naïve breeding herds. The main objective of this longitudinal observational study was to describe selected KPI changes in a naïve breeding herd after PRRS MLV exposure. The secondary objective was to describe the pattern of detection of PRRSV RNA by the quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in processing fluid samples. There were transient increases for mummies during weeks 4-23 (+0.86%); increased pre-weaning mortality on weeks 3-5 (+3.76%); a decrease in live born on weeks 4-5 (-0.46) leading to a decreased pig weaned/litter on weeks 5-10 (-0.69) and increased repeated services on weeks 3-23 (+5.53%). Transient changes observed after PRRS MLV exposures did not move total pigs weaned to outside the control intervals. Starting on week 83 and for 53 consecutive weeks, there was no PRRSV detection in processing fluids, even though two whole-herd MLV exposures occurred within that period.

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Effect of litter aggregation and pooling on detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory virus in piglet processing fluids

Cited by 25 publications

References 5 publications

PRRSV2 genetic diversity defined by RFLP patterns in the United States from 2007 to 2019

PRRSV2 genetic diversity defined by RFLP patterns in the United States from 2007 to 2019

PCR detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in piglet processing fluids in the event of a clinical respiratory disease outbreak

Description of changes of key performance indicators and PRRSV shedding over time in a naïve breeding herd following a PRRS MLV exposure

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