Effect of Long Chain Keto Acids on Encephalomalacia in Chicks.

Effect of Autoxidation on the Nutritive Value of Acidulated Soybean Soapstock in Chicks

“…ASS initially contains more oxy-fatty acids than crude soybean oil, so that upon aerobic heating, the soapstock ends up with a higher oxy-fatty content than the oil, the drop in iodine value and increase in oxy-fatty acids due to heating being similar for both materials. It has been shown that certain types of long-chain keto acids have pronounced pro-oxidant activity (Bhalerao et al, 1962) and may cause encephalomalacia in chicks (Kokatnur et al, 1960). It is possible that, upon heating, such compounds form in ASS from oxyfatty acids present initially, or that such a process is favored by the high free fatty acid content of ASS.…”

Exacerbating effect of dietary 12-keto oleic acid on vitamin E deficiency in the rat.

“…Heat denatura tion of unsaturated fatty acids is known to give rise to long-chain, keto-unsaturated acids (3,4). KOKATNUR and his collaborators (5) found that the presence of small amounts of these long-chain keto fatty acids accelerated the development of encephalomalacia in chicks, kept on a vitamin E deficient diet. Among the keto acids studied, 12-keto oleic acid (12-KOA) is the most potent one in this respect, and there is an interrelationship between the amount of this substance and the occurrence rate of the disease.…”

Effect of Intravenous Injection of Oxidized Methyl Esters of Unsaturated Fatty Acids on Chick Encephalomalacia.

“…As autosidation of unsaturated fats can readily occur in an environment devoid of antioxidants, encephalomalacia may represent the consequence of consuming peroxidized fat or may represent the result of perosidation in oivo. Furthermore, it has recently been observed that inclusion of various oxidized fatty acids (9) or fat ( 10) in the diet accelerates the incidence of the disease. The present study was designed to clarify the effect of oxidized fatty acids on development of encephalomalacia.…”

“…After injection, the birds were allowed access only to water. When symptoms of cerebellar disorders were observed, the birds were sacrificed for histological examination (9).…”