Effect of Long-term Physical Exercise on Bile Sterols, Fecal Fat and Fatty Acid Metabolism in Rats

Simko, Vlado; Ondreicka, R; Chorváthová, V; Bobek, P

doi:10.1093/jn/100.11.1331

Cited by 22 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The mechanism through which physical activity affects colon cancer risk may include increased gut motility (6,18,26,27), and decreased transit time, which reduces the contact time between fecal carcinogens and colonic mucosa. Physical activity may also influence risk by effects on immune function (31), gastro-intestinal hormones or growth factors (34), cholesterol and bile acids (30) and various other mechanisms (1,8,16). If the exposure level to dietary carcinogens is low, however, the modulating effect of physical activity on colon cancer might be limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational physical activity and colon cancer risk in Turkey

et al. 1992

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A case-control study of 107 colon cancer cases and 486 controls from an oncological clinic in Istanbul was conducted to examine the association between occupational physical activity and colon cancer in Turkey, where incidence of this disease is low. Only two of the four activity measures showed evidence of an increased colon cancer risk for sedentary jobs (time spent sitting OR = 1.5 and occupational energy expenditure OR = 1.6); neither was statistically significant. Subjects below age 55 showed higher risk associated with sedentary jobs than did the older age group, probably due to their adoption of a more western lifestyle, including dietary habits, less activity, and other factors that may interact to increase the risk of colon cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational physical activity and colon cancer risk in Turkey

et al. 1992

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“…Only Sˇimko et al (1970) have reported data on individual lipid classes, in particular triacylglycerols (TG) and cholesteryl esters of the whole tissue. We have been unable to find any data on the effect of exercise on the fatty acid profile of liver PL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there have been several studies addressing the effect of exercise training on the fatty acid profile of adipose tissue (Allard et al 1973;Bailey et al 1993;Danner et al 1984;Rocquelin and Juaneda 1981;Sˇimko et al 1970;Sutherland et al 1981; Thorling and Overvad 1994;Wirth et al 1980), again, a clear answer is missing. Except for Sˇimko et al (1970), who separated TG, all studies have examined total lipids of adipose tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of exercise training on the fatty acid composition of lipid classes in rat liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue

et al. 2005

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The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of 8 weeks of exercise training on the fatty acid composition of phospholipids (PL) and triacylglycerols (TG) in rat liver, skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius medialis), and adipose tissue (epididymal and subcutaneous fat). For this purpose, the relevant tissues of 11 trained rats were compared to those of 14 untrained ones. Training caused several significant differences of large effect size in the concentrations and percentages of individual fatty acids in the aforementioned lipid classes. The fatty acid composition of liver PL, in terms of both concentrations and percentages, changed with training. The TG content of muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue decreased significantly with training. In contrast to the liver, where no significant differences in the fatty acid profile of TG were found, muscle underwent more significant differences in TG than PL, and adipose tissue only in TG. Most differences were in the same direction in muscle and adipose tissue TG, suggesting a common underlying mechanism. Estimated fatty acid elongase activity was significantly higher, whereas Delta(9)-desaturase activity was significantly lower in muscle and adipose tissue of the trained rats. In conclusion, exercise training modified the fatty acid composition of liver PL, muscle PL and TG, as well as adipose tissue TG. These findings may aid in delineating the effects of exercise on biological functions such as membrane properties, cell signaling, and gene expression.

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“…Several exercise training studies in rats have examined cholesterol metabolism in the liver and bile (11,27,34), but rats do not have gallbladders; therefore gallstone development studies are not possible in this model. Recently, it was discovered that certain inbred strains of mice rapidly form gallstones when placed on a high-fat diet supplemented with cholic acid (15).…”

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confidence: 99%

Endurance exercise training reduces gallstone development in mice

Wilund¹,

Feeney²,

Tomayko³

et al. 2008

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Wilund KR, Feeney LA, Tomayko EJ, Chung HR, Kim K. Endurance exercise training reduces gallstone development in mice. J Appl Physiol 104: 761-765, 2008. First published January 10, 2008 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01292.2007.-Gallstones form when the ratio of bile cholesterol to bile acids and phospholipids is elevated, causing cholesterol to precipitate. Physical inactivity is hypothesized to increase gallstone development, but experimental evidence supporting this is lacking, and potential mechanisms for the antilithogenic effects of exercise have not been described. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of endurance exercise training on gallstone formation and the expression of genes involved in bile cholesterol metabolism in gallstone-sensitive (C57L/J) mice. At 10 wk, 50 male mice began a lithogenic diet and were randomly assigned to an exercise-training (EX) or sedentary (SED) group (n ϭ 25 per group). Mice in the EX group ran on a treadmill at ϳ15 m/min for 45 min/day for 12 wk. At the time animals were euthanized, gallstones were collected, pooled by group, and weighed. The weight of the gallstones was 2.5-fold greater in the SED mice compared with EX mice (143 vs. 57 mg, respectively). In the EX mice, hepatic expression of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr), scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SRB1), and sterol 27 hydroxylase (Cyp27) was increased by ϳ2-fold (P Ͻ 0.05 for each). The LDLr and SRB1 increase cholesterol clearance by low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein particles, respectively, while Cyp27 promotes the catabolism of cholesterol to bile acids. Taken together, these data indicate that exercise promotes changes in hepatic gene expression that increase cholesterol uptake by the liver but simultaneously increase the catabolism of cholesterol to bile acids, effectively reducing cholesterol saturation in the bile. This suggests a mechanism by which exercise improves cholesterol clearance from the circulation while simultaneously inhibiting gallstone formation.

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Effect of Long-term Physical Exercise on Bile Sterols, Fecal Fat and Fatty Acid Metabolism in Rats

Cited by 22 publications

References 39 publications

Occupational physical activity and colon cancer risk in Turkey

Occupational physical activity and colon cancer risk in Turkey

Effect of exercise training on the fatty acid composition of lipid classes in rat liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue

Endurance exercise training reduces gallstone development in mice

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