Effect of low-calorie versus low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet in type 2 diabetes

Hussain, T.; Mathew, T.C.; Dashti, Ali A.; Asfar, Sami; Al-Zaid, N. S.; Dashti, H.

doi:10.1016/j.nut.2012.01.016

Cited by 262 publications

(290 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…During hypocaloric diet-induced weight loss approximately 20e30% of mass lost is lean mass (LM) [1], increasing dietary protein is one method which has been demonstrated to attenuate skeletal muscle atrophy in a hypocaloric state [35]. The manipulation of carbohydrate intake as a regulator of weight maintenance/loss is well documented demonstrating improved lipid profile and fat oxidation [2,12]. However, the majority of literature manipulates dietary fat e protein remains constant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 7-day high protein hypocaloric diet promotes cellular metabolic adaptations and attenuates lean mass loss in healthy males

Furber

Antón-Solanas

Koppe³

et al. 2017

Clinical Nutrition Experimental

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Keywords:High protein diet PGC-1a AMPK Hypocaloric Low carbohydrate diet s u m m a r y Mitochondrial quantity and density are associated with increased oxidative metabolism. It has been demonstrated that a hypocaloric high fat/low carbohydrate (HF/LC) diet can up-regulate transcriptional markers of mitochondrial biogenesis; this was yet to be explored in vivo subsequent to a high protein/low carbohydrate (HP/LC) diet. Thus the aims of the study were to explore such diets on transcriptional markers or mitochondrial biogenesis, body composition and resting metabolic rate (RMR). Forty-five healthy male participants were randomly assigned one of four intervention diets: eucaloric high protein low carbohydrate (PRO-EM), hypocaloric high protein low carbohydrate (PRO-ER), eucaloric high carbohydrate (CHO-EM) or hypocaloric high carbohydrate (CHO-ER). The macronutrient ratio of the high protein diet and high carbohydrate diets was 40:30:30% and 10:60:30% (PRO:CHO:FAT) respectively. Energy intake for the hypocaloric diets were calculated to match resting metabolic rate. Participants visited the laboratory on 3 occasions each separated by 7 days. On each visit body composition, resting metabolic rate and a muscle biopsy from the vastus lateralis was collected. Prior to visit 1 and 2

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 7-day high protein hypocaloric diet promotes cellular metabolic adaptations and attenuates lean mass loss in healthy males

Furber

Antón-Solanas

Koppe³

et al. 2017

Clinical Nutrition Experimental

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“…HIGH-FAT, LOW-CARBOHYDRATE KETOGENIC DIETS (KD) are used in weight loss programs and are associated with improvement of the glycemic status in obese subjects (30,35) and patients with type 2 diabetes (11,19). KD are also used as an effective treatment for refractory epilepsy (7,27,33).…”

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confidence: 99%

Long-term ketogenic diet causes glucose intolerance and reduced β- and α-cell mass but no weight loss in mice

Ellenbroek

Dijck

Töns

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

126

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Ellenbroek JH, van Dijck L, Töns HA, Rabelink TJ, Carlotti F, Ballieux BE, de Koning EJ. Long-term ketogenic diet causes glucose intolerance and reduced ␤-and ␣-cell mass but no weight loss in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 306: E552-E558, 2014. First published January 7, 2014 doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00453.2013.-High-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets (KD) are used for weight loss and for treatment of refractory epilepsy. Recently, short-time studies in rodents have shown that, besides their beneficial effect on body weight, KD lead to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. However, the long-term effects on pancreatic endocrine cells are unknown. In this study we investigate the effects of long-term KD on glucose tolerance and ␤-and ␣-cell mass in mice. Despite an initial weight loss, KD did not result in weight loss after 22 wk. Plasma markers associated with dyslipidemia and inflammation (cholesterol, triglycerides, leptin, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, IL-1␤, and IL-6) were increased, and KD-fed mice showed signs of hepatic steatosis after 22 wk of diet. Long-term KD resulted in glucose intolerance that was associated with insufficient insulin secretion from ␤-cells. After 22 wk, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was reduced. A reduction in ␤-cell mass was observed in KD-fed mice together with an increased number of smaller islets. Also ␣-cell mass was markedly decreased, resulting in a lower ␣-to ␤-cell ratio. Our data show that long-term KD causes dyslipidemia, a proinflammatory state, signs of hepatic steatosis, glucose intolerance, and a reduction in ␤-and ␣-cell mass, but no weight loss. This indicates that long-term high-fat, lowcarbohydrate KD lead to features that are also associated with the metabolic syndrome and an increased risk for type 2 diabetes in humans. pancreatic islet; ketogenic diet; glucose intolerance; ␤-cell; ␣-cell

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“…Continuing Super-LCD usually makes the patient elevated ketone bodies and significant weight reduction [13,15,16]. Continuing ketogenic diet seems to be necessary to obtain enough weight reduction [17][18][19]. Furthermore, the ratio of carbohydrate in LCD showed correlation with the degree of weight reduction [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%