Effect of low protein diets on free amino acids in plasma of young men: Effect of wheat gluten diet.

Fujita, Yoshiaki; Yamamoto, Takashi; Rikimaru, Toru; Inoue, Goro

doi:10.3177/jnsv.25.427

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Nevertheless, we found that the lysine concentrations in the plasma, muscle and liver of adult rats given these proteins were almost normal irrespective of the dietary protein level. These findings in adult rats accorded with results observed in the plasma of young men given graded levels of wheat gluten (3), and possible explanations of these results have been discussed in detail in a previous report (3). Thus, the responses of free lysine in the plasma and tissues to dietary gluten differ in adult and growing animals, and in adults, the free lysine levels in the plasma and tissues do not always reflect the degree of lysine deficiency of the diet.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The reliability of the E/N ratio as an index of the protein nutritional status has been demonstrated in children (18), growing rats (10) and young men (1,3). In this study on adult rats, the E/N ratio in the plasma showed a significant correlation with the dietary protein level and the slope of the regression line obtained also reflected the quality of the protein.…”

mentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Increase of total NEAA in the plasma of protein-deficient young men was mainly due to increase in alanine; the plasma level of serine showed little or no change, or occasionally decreased (1,3). On the contrary, in adult rats serine, rather than alanine, increased; the increase was greater in animals on diets containing poor quality protein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Lower EAA values in plasma have been observed in adult , weanling and growing rats on low-protein diets (1,3,10). It might seem probable that the low level of protein should be the main cause of these low values .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of quality and quantity of dietary protein on free amino acids in plasma and tissues of adult rats.

Fujita

Yamamoto

Rikimaru

et al. 1981

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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It is well known that in protein-energy malnutrition of the kwashiorkor type and in experimental protein deficiency, essential amino acids (EAAs) in the plasma tend to be decreased, while some nonessential amino acids (NEAAs) are increased. Previously, we examined the effect of dietary energy on plasma free amino acids in young men on low egg or rice-protein diet (1). Longnecker and Hause (2) reported that free amino acids in plasma roughly reflect the amino acid pattern of ingested protein. But in the young men on diets containing graded levels of wheat gluten, plasma lysine was usually maintained at the normal level, while the plasma valine concentration decreased significantly, even in the group on 1.0 g/kg of gluten (3). These findings in young men differ from results in children (4, 5) and growing animals (6) fed on gluten diets, suggesting that the responses of free amino acids in the plasma or tissues to the dietary protein may differ in adult and growing animals and humans. These results also suggest that in protein deficiency, plasma free amino acids may reflect not the amount or pattern of the protein consumed, but rather changes in amino acid metabolism in various tissues in response to the diet. Accordingly, the metabolic and clinical significances of plasma free amino acids should be considered in relation to changes in tissue levels.However, most previous studies on the effect of dietary protein on free amino acids in the plasma and tissues have been performed on young, not adult animals. Therefore, in this study we used adult rats and examined 1) the effects of the quality and quantity of ingested protein on free amino acids in the plasma, 2) the effect of dietary protein on the tissue free amino acid level and the influence of the latter on free amino acid levels in the plasma, and 3) the significance of plasma free amino acids as an index of the protein nutritional status.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

mentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of quality and quantity of dietary protein on free amino acids in plasma and tissues of adult rats.

Fujita

Yamamoto

Rikimaru

et al. 1981

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

Self Cite

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“…Moreover, passive equilibration of the urea pool is normally complete after about 1 day, whereas urinary N excretion continues to decrease for up to a week during the adaptation to protein deficiency 59 . Changes in the free glutamine pool can cause rapid changes in N balance 61 , 62 (although not by as much as has been speculated 63 ), but humans appear not to reduce their NEAA pool in response to a protein‐deficient diet 64 . We may conclude that adaption to protein deficiency indeed involves a delayed reduction in the rate of amino acid catabolism.…”

Section: Labile Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Protein and Amino Acid Requirements

Hoffer

2016

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

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Human protein and amino acid nutrition encompasses a wide, complex, frequently misunderstood, and often contentious area of clinical research and practice. This tutorial explains the basic biochemical and physiologic principles that underlie our current understanding of protein and amino acid nutrition. The following topics are discussed: (1) the identity, measurement, and essentiality of nutritional proteins; (2) the definition and determination of minimum requirements; (3) nutrition adaptation; (4) obligatory nitrogen excretion and the minimum protein requirement; (5) minimum versus optimum protein intakes; (6) metabolic responses to surfeit and deficient protein intakes; (7) body composition and protein requirements; (8) labile protein; (9) N balance; (10) the principles of protein and amino acid turnover, including an analysis of the controversial indicator amino acid oxidation technique; (11) general guidelines for evaluating protein turnover articles; (12) amino acid turnover versus clearance; (13) the protein content of hydrated amino acid solutions; (14) protein requirements in special situations, including protein-catabolic critical illness; (15) amino acid supplements and additives, including monosodium glutamate and glutamine; and (16) a perspective on the future of protein and amino acid nutrition research. In addition to providing practical information, this tutorial aims to demonstrate the importance of rigorous physiologic reasoning, stimulate intellectual curiosity, and encourage fresh ideas in this dynamic area of human nutrition. In general, references are provided only for topics that are not well covered in modern textbooks.

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Mechanism governing short-term fed-state adaptation to dietary protein restriction

1994

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Effect of low protein diets on free amino acids in plasma of young men: Effect of wheat gluten diet.

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Effect of quality and quantity of dietary protein on free amino acids in plasma and tissues of adult rats.

Effect of quality and quantity of dietary protein on free amino acids in plasma and tissues of adult rats.

Human Protein and Amino Acid Requirements

Mechanism governing short-term fed-state adaptation to dietary protein restriction

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