Effect of Luffa cylindrica fiber and particulate on the mechanical properties of epoxy

Daniel-Mkpume, C. C.; Ugochukwu, C. Chisom; Okonkwo, E. G.; Fayomi, Oluyemi Oyenike; Obiorah, S. M. O.

doi:10.1007/s00170-019-03422-w

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The length of a luffa sponge is around 15 to 25 cm. [3,4,27,42] The content of cellulose in the luffa fiber varies from 55 to 90 wt%, the content of lignin varies from 10 to 23 wt%, and the content of hemicelluloses varies from 8 to 22 wt%. The luffa fiber has extractive and ash content of 3.2 and 0.4 wt%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical, ballistic impact, and water absorption behavior of luffa/graphene reinforced epoxy composites

KG¹,

Kalaichelvan

2020

Polymer Composites

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The mechanical, ballistic, and moisture intake properties of luffa fiber reinforced with graphene-modified epoxy composites were experimentally investigated. The nanofiller graphene particles were modified with a matrix using the mechanical stirring process. The filler (graphene) of size 20 nm is modified with the matrix of different weight percentages 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. The samples for various testings were prepared with different compositions using a hand layup technique followed by compression molding. The results show that tensile, impact, and flexural strength were enhanced with the modification of the filler graphene up to 2 wt%. The ballistic impact results show that energy absorption increases with nanofiller modification. Minimum water intake behavior is observed for the composite samples incorporated with fillers. Failure mechanisms were studied on tensile tested specimens using a scanning electron microscopy. The morphological images showed defects like interfacial behavior, fiber pull out, voids, and internal cracks on the tested specimens. K E Y W O R D S ballistic impact behavior, composite material, graphene, Luffa cylindrica, mechanical properties 1 | INTRODUCTION Owing to their ecofriendly character, low cost, and availability, natural fibers created interest among researchers for producing sustainable polymer composites. [1] As the world is focusing on reducing the effect of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere, the demand for using natural fibers as reinforcements increased. [2,3] Inorganic fibers like carbon, aramid, and glass fibers have good attractive properties that make them ideal for use as reinforcements in polymer composites. [4] Nevertheless, synthetic fibers suffer from nonbiodegradability, high cost, and hazardous gasses during disposal, which made researchers find new alternative materials. [5] Hence, they tried to use natural fibers as alternative materials to overcome the problems of using synthetic fibers. [4,6] Natural fibers like sisal, [7] banana, [8-11] jute, [12-14] coir, [15,16] luffa, [17,18] hemp [19] and flax, [9,20] and so forth are most commonly used as reinforcements in polymer composites and those materials were used in various interior applications such as furniture, acoustics, vibration isolation, packaging, automobile industries, aeronautical, and marine sectors. [21,22] Their hydrophilic nature reduced compatibility, reinforcing effect, and stress transfer with polymer matrices made the natural fiber composites fit for use in light load and interior applications. The properties and quality of composites depend on the degree of compatibility between the matrix and natural fiber. [23-25] To enhance the bonding between the matrix and fibers researchers used different methods, one of which is surface treatments. Generally, surface treatments like alkali, [3,6,26-28] silane, [29,30] benzoylation treatment, [6,31] and so forth are used for treating the fiber surface. Tolera A. Negawo et al [32] studied the influence of alkali

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The luffa fiber has extractive and ash content of 3.2 and 0.4 wt%. [2,4,21] L. cylindrica fiber was procured from local sources of Chennai, India. The luffa fibers were cleaned with water and exposed to sunlight for the removal of lignin and waxy substance from it.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical, ballistic impact, and water absorption behavior of luffa/graphene reinforced epoxy composites

KG¹,

Kalaichelvan

2020

Polymer Composites

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“…Thus, studying the performance of a new NFC involves choosing a suitable matrix that exhibits good properties with a considerable interaction with the selected NF. Several studies investigated luffa as a pure mat (without a matrix); however, others studied different thermoplastics and thermosets like epoxy, polyester, resorcinol-formaldehyde, vinyl ester, and so on [84][85][86]. Matrices considered in recent LNFC studies are listed in Table 3.…”

Section: Matrices Selected For Lnfcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Luffa Natural Fiber Composites: Review

et al. 2020

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Natural fiber composites (NFCs) are an evolving area in polymer sciences. Fibers extracted from natural sources hold a wide set of advantages such as negligible cost, significant mechanical characteristics, low density, high strength-to-weight ratio, environmental friendliness, recyclability, etc. Luffa cylindrica, also termed luffa gourd or luffa sponge, is a natural fiber that has a solid potential to replace synthetic fibers in composite materials in diverse applications like vibration isolation, sound absorption, packaging, etc. Recently, many researches have involved luffa fibers as a reinforcement in the development of NFC, aiming to investigate their performance in selected matrices as well as the behavior of the end NFC. This paper presents a review on recent developments in luffa natural fiber composites. Physical, morphological, mechanical, thermal, electrical, and acoustic properties of luffa NFCs are investigated, categorized, and compared, taking into consideration selected matrices as well as the size, volume fraction, and treatments of fibers. Although luffa natural fiber composites have revealed promising properties, the addition of these natural fibers increases water absorption. Moreover, chemical treatments with different agents such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and benzoyl can remarkably enhance the surface area of luffa fibers, remove undesirable impurities, and reduce water uptake, thereby improving their overall characteristics. Hybridization of luffa NFC with other natural or synthetic fibers, e.g., glass, carbon, ceramic, flax, jute, etc., can enhance the properties of the end composite material. However, luffa fibers have exhibited a profuse compatibility with epoxy matrix.

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“…Although polymer matrix composites have shown potentials in various areas of engineering application, most of the matrix and reinforcing materials used are synthetic and as such pose huge challenge on the environment [6][7][8]. The non-biodegradable nature of these materials not only makes them candidates for greenhouse gas emission but creates a waste management problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shehu et al [16] on studying the influence of particle size on mechanical properties of palm kernel shell-polyester composite observed that palm kernel shell of 300μm showcased the best combination of properties. Results from the works of [8,17] also goes on to show how far properties and applications of agricultural waste reinforced polymer composites have gone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of processing parameters and its effect on the mechanical properties of recycled low density polyethylene composite reinforced with Tetracarpidium conophorum shell particulates

Okeke

Atuanya

Umembamalu

2020

Mater. Res. Express

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This work explored the effect of African Walnut Shell Particle (AWSP) (Tetracarpidium conophorum) on the properties of recycled low density polyethylene (rLDPE) composite. rLDPE/ AWSP composite were prepared via compressive moulding techniques using AWSP of sizes 300 and 600μm respectively. Composite design of experiment and analysis of variant (ANOVA) were employed for optimization. Mechanical and morphological analysis of the composite were studied. rLDPE reinforced with AWSP of particle size 300 μm exhibited better tensile strength, modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) than those of 600 μm. Morphological analysis showed that uniform distribution of the Walnut shell particulates in the microstructure of the composite is the major factor responsible for the improvement in the mechanical properties. Optimality occurred at a press temperature of 206.465°C, press time of 10 min, press pressure of 7 MPa yielding a tensile strength of 14.082 MPa, MOR of 17.019 MPa and MOE of 755.028 MPa for 300 μm particle sized composite whereas for 600 μm size, it was achieved at press temperature of 199.993°C, press time of 6 min, press pressure of 7 MPa giving a tensile strength of 11.252 MPa, MOR of 15.401 MPa and MOE of 459.531 MPa respectively. The result from the optimization met the standard for interior and exterior mirror casing of automobiles.

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Effect of Luffa cylindrica fiber and particulate on the mechanical properties of epoxy

Cited by 34 publications

References 16 publications

Mechanical, ballistic impact, and water absorption behavior of luffa/graphene reinforced epoxy composites

Mechanical, ballistic impact, and water absorption behavior of luffa/graphene reinforced epoxy composites

Recent Developments in Luffa Natural Fiber Composites: Review

Optimization of processing parameters and its effect on the mechanical properties of recycled low density polyethylene composite reinforced with Tetracarpidium conophorum shell particulates

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