Effect of Lysine, Vitamin B6, and Carnitine Supplementation on the Lipid Profile of Male Patients With Hypertriglyceridemia: A 12-Week, Open-Label, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Hlais, Sani; Reslan, Dana R. Abou; Sarieddine, Hiba K.; Nasreddine, Lara; Taan, Ghazi; Azar, Sami T.; Obeid, Omar

doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2012.06.019

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The extent of fat loss, however, is the smallest by Lys deprivation compared with deprivation of the other EAAs. It is not that surprising as some studies have shown that either thermogenesis or serum lipid profile was not changed by removing or addition of Lys from the diet (Smriga et al 2000, Rathore et al 2010, Hlais et al 2012. There are several factors that may contribute to the smaller effect of Lys deprivation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of essential amino acids on lipid metabolism in mice and humans

Xiao

et al. 2016

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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Eight amino acids are considered essential for human nutrition, and three of them, including leucine, isoleucine and valine, are called as branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). We recently discovered that dietary deficiency of any BCAA for 7 days rapidly reduces the abdominal fat mass in mice. The goal of this study was to investigate (1) whether dietary deficiency of the other five essential amino acids (EAAs), including phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, methionine and lysine, would produce similar effects and (2) whether an association between serum AAs and obesity was observed in humans in Chinese Han population. Similar to BCAAs deprivation, dietary deficiency of any of these five EAAs for 7 days significantly reduced abdominal fat mass, which is likely caused by increased energy expenditure. Expression of genes and proteins related to lipolysis, however, were differentially regulated by different EAAs. These results suggest a crucial role of EAAs deprivation on lipid metabolism in mice. Our human studies revealed that levels of four EAAs (leucine, isoleucine, valine and phenylalanine) were elevated in obese humans compared with those in lean controls in Chinese Han population. Based on the results obtained from mice, we speculate that these four EAAs might play important roles in human obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of essential amino acids on lipid metabolism in mice and humans

Xiao

et al. 2016

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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“…The lysines in albumin- and apoB100-containing particles can generate glycosylation end products or can be further oxidized [37], [38], thus the lower free lysine level might indicate the occurrence of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia, which might aggravate fatty liver disease and fat accumulation. Glutamate and glutamine are both precursors for two particularly important antioxidants, glutathione [39] and taurine. Previous studies in many patients found that plasma glutamate and glutamine concentrations could either surge or fall [40], suggesting that they might be important amino acids during the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 1H NMR-Based Metabonomic Investigation of Time-Related Metabolic Trajectories of the Plasma, Urine and Liver Extracts of Hyperlipidemic Hamsters

et al. 2013

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The hamster has been previously found to be a suitable model to study the changes associated with diet-induced hyperlipidemia in humans. Traditionally, studies of hyperlipidemia utilize serum- or plasma-based biochemical assays and histopathological evaluation. However, unbiased metabonomic technologies have the potential to identify novel biomarkers of disease. Thus, to obtain a better understanding of the progression of hyperlipidemia and discover potential biomarkers, we have used a proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR)-based metabonomics approach to study the metabolic changes occurring in the plasma, urine and liver extracts of hamsters fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet. Samples were collected at different time points during the progression of hyperlipidemia, and individual proton NMR spectra were visually and statistically assessed using two multivariate analyses (MVA): principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Using the commercial software package Chenomx NMR suite, 40 endogenous metabolites in the plasma, 80 in the urine and 60 in the water-soluble fraction of liver extracts were quantified. NMR analysis of all samples showed a time-dependent transition from a physiological to a pathophysiological state during the progression of hyperlipidemia. Analysis of the identified biomarkers of hyperlipidemia suggests that significant perturbations of lipid and amino acid metabolism, as well as inflammation, oxidative stress and changes in gut microbiota metabolites, occurred following cholesterol overloading. The results of this study substantially broaden the metabonomic coverage of hyperlipidemia, enhance our understanding of the mechanism of hyperlipidemia and demonstrate the effectiveness of the NMR-based metabonomics approach to study a complex disease.

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“…Thus, both under and over consumption of lysine seem to reduce food intake. While lysine supplementation of subjects at risk of lysine deficiency was found not to affect body weight, it exerted other beneficial effects [40,41]. In humans, lysine ingestion with glucose has been reported to increase postprandial glucose clearance, while insulin was not altered [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meal Pattern of Male Rats Maintained on Amino Acid Supplemented Diets: The Effect of Tryptophan, Lysine, Arginine, Proline and Threonine

Ayaso¹,

Ghattas²,

Abiad³

et al. 2014

Nutrients

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The macronutrient composition of the diet has been shown to affect food intake, with proteins having distinct effects. The present study investigated the effect of diet supplementation with individual amino acids (tryptophan, lysine, arginine, proline and threonine) on meal pattern among male rats. Meal pattern and body weight were monitored for two weeks. Proline and threonine had minimal effects on meal pattern, while the most pronounced changes were observed in the tryptophan group. Both tryptophan and lysine decreased overall food intake, which was translated into a reduction in body weight. The reduced food intake of the tryptophan group was associated with an increase in meal size, intermeal intervals (IMI) and meal time and a decrease in meal number. The decrease in the food intake of the lysine group was associated with a reduction in both IMI and meal number, and this was accompanied by an increase in meal time. Arginine increased meal number, while decreasing IMI. Proline and threonine had a minimal effect on meal pattern. Lysine seems to increase satiety, and arginine seems to decrease it, while tryptophan seems to increase satiety and decrease satiation. Accordingly, changes in meal patterns are associated with the type of amino acid added to the diet.

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Effect of Lysine, Vitamin B6, and Carnitine Supplementation on the Lipid Profile of Male Patients With Hypertriglyceridemia: A 12-Week, Open-Label, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Cited by 37 publications

References 25 publications

Effects of essential amino acids on lipid metabolism in mice and humans

Effects of essential amino acids on lipid metabolism in mice and humans

A 1H NMR-Based Metabonomic Investigation of Time-Related Metabolic Trajectories of the Plasma, Urine and Liver Extracts of Hyperlipidemic Hamsters

Meal Pattern of Male Rats Maintained on Amino Acid Supplemented Diets: The Effect of Tryptophan, Lysine, Arginine, Proline and Threonine

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