Effect of magnesium/calcium ratio in solutions subjected to electrodialysis: Characterization of cation-exchange membrane fouling

Casademont, Christophe; Pourcelly, G.; Bazinet, Laurent

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2007.06.056

Cited by 38 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This current density is higher than limiting current density [8] and was chosen in order to explore a possible scaling mitigation when water splitting and current-induced convection occurred and to compare our results with those reported by CifuentesAraya et al [5,23]. The model salt solution was composed of Na 2 CO 3 (1000 mg/L), KCl (800 mg/L), CaCl 2 (800 mg/L) and MgCl 2 (452 mg/L) in order to maintain a Mg/Ca ratio of 2/5 [10]: this ratio is twice as much compared to that in milk [24] to ensure membrane scaling formation [5,10,23]. The model salt solution was prepared immediately before the beginning of ED process.…”

Section: Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In systems containing mineral salts, the main agents contaminating the membrane surface are usually salts of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ [8,9]. The precipitation of certain type of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ based compounds depends on the Mg/Ca ratio [10][11][12] and the pulse/pause lapse ratio of applied PEF [5]. Concerning ED performances, better demineralization rates were obtained when Ca 2+ compounds were almost suppressed and scaling was composed mostly of Mg 2+ compounds [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How physico-chemical and surface properties of cation-exchange membrane affect membrane scaling and electroconvective vortices: Influence on performance of electrodialysis with pulsed electric field

et al. 2016

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Section: Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How physico-chemical and surface properties of cation-exchange membrane affect membrane scaling and electroconvective vortices: Influence on performance of electrodialysis with pulsed electric field

et al. 2016

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“…The model developed here can be used to dynamically identify which conditions will lead to the supersaturation limit in the complex solutions and in spatial areas where it is difficult to pre-determine the concentrations, for example in DBLs. This coupled electrochemical and physico-chemical modelling tool should be used for processes where scaling is likely to occur, such as dairy processing (Casademont et al 2007, Casademont et al 2008, phosphate recovery from reverse osmosis concentrate (Zhang et al 2013), or other applications concerning nutrient recovery from faeces or urine streams (Ledezma et al 2015, Mondor et al 2009). This study highlights the usefulness of ED as a nutrient recovery technology for domestic centrate wastewater which is low in phosphate.…”

Section: Implications For Design and Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Casademont, Pourcelly and Bazinet (2007) showed that the scale from dairy processing ED resulted in calcite scale when magnesium was in the feed, but portlandite scale when magnesium was excluded from the feed. This could be simply explained using physico-chemistry due of ion pairing and pH effects.…”

Section: Other Electrochemical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phenomenon of concentration polarisation leads to enhanced rates of membrane scale in electrochemical IEM systems being fed with wastewater (Casademont et al 2007, Xu and Huang 2008, Zhang et al 2011. Concentration polarisation results in higher concentrations of ions on the concentrate side of the CEM and depletion of ions on the diluate side (Baker 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutrient recovery from wastewater using electrodialysis

Brewster¹

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The production of synthetic fertilisers from traditional sources has several issues regarding sustainability, particularly the energy intensity required for production, limited mineral resources and loss of terrestrial environment. Nutrient recovery from wastewaters is an opportunity for alternative fertiliser manufacture, largely due to the high quantities of nutrients present. Electrodialysis (ED) is an optimal technology to recover, particularly, NH 4 + -N and K + -K. In this thesis, a mechanistic modelling approach is used to study ED for nutrient recovery. Existing ED models lack the capacity to mechanistically evaluate complex, multi-ion solutions (like real wastewater), the integration of electrochemistry and physicochemical phenomena across the whole reactor domain, and model validation using system dynamics. These limitations are addressed by development of a mechanistic modelling approach, with key mechanisms determined through targeted laboratory scale experiments using synthetic and real wastewaters. The first major study in this thesis includes development of a mechanistic model validated using dynamic experiments fed with synthetic wastewater. It was found that membrane resistance was the major contributor to potential drop and that apparent boundary layers were relatively thick (3 ± 1 mm) due to reactor design and operational conditions. This study also established that non-ideal solution effects such as ion pairing and ionic activity had a major impact, enhancing the capability of ED to recover monovalent nutrient ions such as K + and NH 4 + . The second major study used real centrifuged anaerobic digester rejection water (centrate) to study membrane scaling. Dynamic laboratory experiments demonstrated electro-concentration of nutrients in centrate to several times the feed concentration. An 87±7% by weight reduction in scale occurred when the centrate was pre-treated by upstream struvite recovery and the product pH was controlled at pH 5, compared to untreated centrate and no pH control. A mechanistic model for the inorganic processes was developed by extending the previously developed model to include the composition of a real wastewater feed solution and precipitation. This extended model revealed a reduction in struvite scale to the removal of phosphate during the struvite pretreatment, and reduction in calcium carbonate scale to pH control resulting in the stripping of carbonate as carbon dioxide gas; indicating that multiple strategies may be required to control precipitation. A third major study evaluated the mechanisms limiting high product concentrations during electro-concentration of synthetic urine. Modelling this system using similar methods to the first study identified that high concentrations in the product are prevented by back diffusion of ions across the membrane, current leakage (when buffering ii capacity is exhausted), and water fluxes across the membranes. Mechanistic discoveries in this thesis provide practical guidelines for pilot and full-scale operation of nutri...

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Revisiting Chlor-Alkali Electrolyzers: from Materials to Devices

Fan

Chuai

et al. 2021

Trans. Tianjin Univ.

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As an energy-intensive industry, the chlor-alkali process has caused numerous environmental issues due to heavy electricity consumption and pollution. Chlor-alkali industry has been upgraded from mercury, diaphragm electrolytic cell, to ion exchange membrane (IEM) electrolytic cells. However, several challenges, such as the selectivity of the anodic reaction, sluggish kinetics of alkaline hydrogen evolution, degradation of membranes, the reasonable design of electrolytic cell structure, remain to be addressed. For these reasons, this paper mainly reviews the research progress of the chlor-alkali industry from materials to devices, including hydrogen evolution anode, chlorine evolution cathode, IEM, and electrolytic cell system. Finally, the research directions and prospects in the chlor-alkali industry are proposed for its further improvement.

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Effect of magnesium/calcium ratio in solutions subjected to electrodialysis: Characterization of cation-exchange membrane fouling

Cited by 38 publications

References 17 publications

How physico-chemical and surface properties of cation-exchange membrane affect membrane scaling and electroconvective vortices: Influence on performance of electrodialysis with pulsed electric field

How physico-chemical and surface properties of cation-exchange membrane affect membrane scaling and electroconvective vortices: Influence on performance of electrodialysis with pulsed electric field

Nutrient recovery from wastewater using electrodialysis

Revisiting Chlor-Alkali Electrolyzers: from Materials to Devices

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