Effect of Magnesium Ion Concentration on the Scale Inhibition of Heat Exchanger in Circulating Cooling Water under Alternating Electric Field

Zhang, Zhihao; Jia, Yafei; Zhao, Jiahao

doi:10.3390/app10165491

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, when the concentration of magnesium chloride reaches 4mmol/L, the electromagnetic field has a significant promoting effect on the growth of attached scale. When the concentration was increased to 6mmol/L, the electromagnetic field could significantly inhibit the growth of attached scale [37]. Y [38] also studied the effects of different concentrations of Cu 2+ , Fe 2+ , and Fe 3+ on the microstructure and crystal structure of CaCO 3 fouling.…”

Section: Water Quality Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research progress of electromagnetic scale inhibition technology for industrial circulating water

Zhang,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Ninth International Conference on Energy Materials and Electrical Engineering (ICEMEE 2023)

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Water treatment is an important means to solve the global water resource shortage problem and ensure human health and economic development. Most existing water treatment technologies have problems such as high energy consumption, high cost, and poor anti pollution performance. Electromagnetic water treatment technology has the advantages of good treatment efficiency, low energy consumption, and environmental protection, and is currently one of the popular new water treatment technologies. This article first elaborates on the scale inhibition mechanism of electromagnetic fields from two aspects: the impact of electromagnetic fields on calcium carbonate crystals and calcium carbonate solutions. Currently, there is controversy in the academic community about the scale inhibition mechanism of electromagnetic fields. This article further lists and compares the experimental methods and conclusions of electromagnetic field scale inhibition, and summarizes and summarizes the scale inhibition mechanism. Secondly, the core components of the electromagnetic scale inhibition device (signal generation device, processing chamber) were elaborated in detail. Finally, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on the factors that affect the efficiency of electromagnetic field scale inhibition, and it was concluded that combining electromagnetic scale inhibition technology with other scale inhibition technologies would have better results.

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Section: Water Quality Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research progress of electromagnetic scale inhibition technology for industrial circulating water

Zhang,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Ninth International Conference on Energy Materials and Electrical Engineering (ICEMEE 2023)

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“…In this study, under the two high hardness water conditions investigated, the combined scale inhibition effect of the electrostatic field and Mg 2þ is weakened and even promotes scaling. Zhang et al (2020) studied the effect of alternating electric field and Mg 2þ on CaCO 3 scaling, indicated that Mg 2þ concentrations of 6 mmol/L have a potential scale inhibition effect after treatment in the HVAC electric field. Under the two different water conditions in this study, the HVAC electric field treatment also showed favorable scale inhibition effects.…”

Section: Sem and Xrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fouling resistance in heat exchanger and the crystal form of CaCO3 in hard circulating cooling water with electrostatic field and alternating current electric field

Zhao

Jia

et al. 2021

Water Science and Technology

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The effect of high voltage electrostatic field and high voltage alternating current electric field on the heat exchanger surface fouling under the condition of hard water was investigated. The Ca2+ concentration in two water conditions was 12 mmol/L. The Mg2+ concentration was 10 mmol/L and 12 mmol/L respectively. The concentration changed with the Mg2+ concentration. X-ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscope results confirmed that the main crystal phases of the scale samples consist of calcite and aragonite. The high voltage electrostatic treatment can promote scale growth under both water quality conditions. However, the high voltage alternating current electric field treatment shows a good scale inhibition effect under both water quality conditions, and the scale inhibition effect is best when both Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations are 12 mmol/L, and the average scale inhibition rate reaches 47.58%. When the calcite content of the scale sample is significantly higher than that of aragonite, Mg2+ affects the growth and solubility of crystals. On the other hand, the high voltage alternating current electric field treatment can effectively extend the fouling induction period of the adherent scale on the heat exchanger surface, which is favorable for heat exchanger fouling.

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“…Additionally, impurity ions such as carbonate (HCO 3 − ), phosphate (PO 4 3− ), and nitrate (NO 3 − ) enter the CCW along with rainwater or suspended particles in the air, causing an increase in hardness and alkalinity [11]. As the hardness and alkalinity ions encounter heat exchanger surfaces during the circulation of cooling water, precipitation quickly occurs due to the higher temperatures, ultimately leading to scaling on the surfaces of heat exchangers and pipes [12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress on Novel Electrochemical Descaling Technology for Enhanced Hardness Ion Removal

Wang,

Zhou,

Chang

et al. 2024

Water

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In recent years, electrochemical descaling technology has gained widespread attention due to its environmental friendliness and ease of operation. However, its single-pass removal efficiency could be higher, severely limiting its practical application. To overcome the limitations of traditional electrochemical descaling processes, this paper first focuses on the separation efficiency of H+ and OH− in the scale removal process based on numerous recent research papers. It mainly emphasizes how innovative cathode design can enhance the efficiency and stability of electrochemical descaling. Furthermore, this paper explores the coupling of electrochemical processes with different water treatment technologies, such as the combination of electrodeposition with electrocoagulation, filtration crystallization, microfiltration, and electrodialysis, and how these methods synergistically enhance descaling effects. Additionally, this paper discusses potential future directions for electrochemical descaling technology, including innovations in scale expansion, material updates, process optimization, system integration, and automation. Finally, this paper analyzes the practical challenges of electrochemical descaling technology, such as cost, energy consumption, equipment durability, and environmental impact, and proposes solutions. The implementation of these strategies is expected to promote the commercialization of electrochemical descaling technology, making it more aligned with the sustainability requirements of industry and the environment.

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Effect of Magnesium Ion Concentration on the Scale Inhibition of Heat Exchanger in Circulating Cooling Water under Alternating Electric Field

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

Research progress of electromagnetic scale inhibition technology for industrial circulating water

Research progress of electromagnetic scale inhibition technology for industrial circulating water

Effect of fouling resistance in heat exchanger and the crystal form of CaCO3 in hard circulating cooling water with electrostatic field and alternating current electric field

Research Progress on Novel Electrochemical Descaling Technology for Enhanced Hardness Ion Removal

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