Effect of mangosteen peel extract as an antioxidant agent on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to bleached teeth

Abstract

Introduction: The number of patients who seek orthodontic treatment that may have a history of tooth bleaching is increasing over the time. Bleaching may influence the decrease of the bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Objective: To determine and prove the effect of mangosteen peel (MP) extract to reverse the reduced shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets after bleaching. Methods: A total of 150 maxillary first premolar teeth were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups as follow (n=25): negative-control (N: no bleaching), positive-control (P: bleaching + no treatment), and the treatment groups (bleaching + 10% sodium ascorbate (SA), 10% (MP-10), 20% (MP-20) and 40% (MP-40) MP extract gel). After treatment, the brackets were bonded with the resin-modified glass ionomer cement, SBS testing was performed using universal testing machine, and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) was examined using stereoscopic microscope after debonding. The SBS data were analyzed by analysis of variance (Anova) and the Tukey test. For the ARI, the Kruskal-Wallis test was performed. Result:There was significant SBS difference (p< 0.001) between various groups. The group without bleaching showed significantly higher SBS (8.19 ± 2.26 MPa) compared to others, while SBS in the group treated with 40% MP gel was significantly higher (7.93 ± 1.92 MPa) than other groups treated with antioxidants. The failure of orthodontic brackets bonded after bleaching and treatment using MP extract occurred at the enamel-adhesive interface. Conclusion: The application of MP extract as an antioxidant after bleaching was effective in reversing the reduced shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets after bleaching.

Use of antioxidants to restore bond strength after tooth bleaching with peroxides

“…Pine bark extract stands out among the PACs evaluated (81,82). While cranberry and gooseberry extracts were not satisfactory for the recovery of bond strength (75,83), mangosteen extract and quercetin compound seem promising (84,85) and should be compared to pine bark in further studies in order to confirm the superiority of the pine bark extract among the PACs.…”

“…However, the type of PAC, preparation mode, or concentration seems to influence the results. For instance, while a gooseberry (amla‐ Phyllanthus embelicus ) solution was not as efficient as a 10% SA solution in recovering the bond strength of brackets bonded to human bleached enamel (83), the opposite was observed for a mangosteen peel extract (84). A preliminary study showed that 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1.0% quercetin, a flavonoid found in many vegetables and seeds, may be another option for the recovery of the bleached enamel bond strength.…”

Natural antioxidants to restore immediate bond strength to bleached enamel: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of in vitro studies

“…This adverse effect is naturally reversed in a period varying from 24 h to 3 weeks, 6 and a minimum delay of 7 days has been suggested before performing any adhesive procedure 7 . Nonetheless, such delay may result clinically inconvenient since patients frequently require restorative treatments after bleaching 8 as well as bracket cementation 9 …”

Different effects of soybean isoflavone genistein on transforming growth factor levels during orthodontic tooth movement among young and old rabbits

“…Today's society is witnessing an increased interest in cosmetic dentistry, thereby making orthodontics a necessity 1 . Orthodontic treatment has become one of the most procedures in cosmetic dentistry; it is performed to improve malocclusion, achieve good occlusion and dentofacial harmony 2, 3 .…”