Effect of maternal dietary starch-to-fat ratio and daily energy intake during late pregnancy on the performance and lipid metabolism of primiparous sows and newborn piglets

Abstract

The present study evaluated the effects of maternal dietary energy intake and starch-to-fat ratio during late gestation on the performance and lipid metabolism of sows and their offspring. On day 84 of gestation, 80 Landrace × Yorkshire primiparous sows were assigned to 2 × 2 factorial arrangements according to body weight following a randomized complete block design. The factors were daily energy intake (8,375 kcal ME/d [CE] vs. 9,600 kcal ME/d [HE]) and dietary starch-to-fat ratio (10:1 [CR] vs. 15:1 [HR]). All sows were fed one of four diets from day 85 of gestation until farrowing. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure in SPSS. High energy intake increased the body weight of sows on day 110 of gestation (P = 0.031) as well as the weight of piglets at birth (P = 0.018). Increased energy intake elevated the plasma triglyceride concentrations in sows (P = 0.027) and piglets (P = 0.044). Maternal high energy intake altered the liver metabolome of newborn piglets in terms of metabolites related to carbohydrate and linoleic acid metabolism. Moreover, maternal high energy intake increased hepatic total cholesterol (P = 0.023) and triglyceride (P = 0.026) concentration in newborn piglets. Furthermore, maternal high energy intake significantly increased the transcript abundance of fatty acid synthase (FAS; P = 0.001) and protein abundance of phosphorylated protein kinase B (P =0.001) in the liver of newborn piglets. A high starch-to-fat ratio reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration in the plasma of sows (P = 0.044) and newborn piglets (P = 0.048) as well as in the liver of newborn piglets (P = 0.015). Furthermore, maternal high starch-to-fat ratio increased the transcript abundances of FAS (P = 0.004) in newborn piglets. In conclusion, high daily energy intake of sows increased the birth weight of newborn piglets. Moreover, maternal high daily energy intake and high dietary starch-to-fat ratio improved the lipid metabolism of newborn piglets.

Effects of Supplementation with Oregano Essential Oil during Late Gestation and Lactation on Serum Metabolites, Antioxidant Capacity and Fecal Microbiota of Sows

“…Serum parameters are valuable indicators of the health and wellbeing of sows. The serum parameters observed in this study were all within the normal physiological range for sows [ 27 , 28 ]. The enzymes AST and ALT participate in transamination reactions by facilitating the transfer of amino groups from aspartate or alanine to ketoglutaric acid, resulting in the formation of oxaloacetic acid or pyruvate.…”

Galectins-1, -3 and -9 Are Present in Breast Milk and Have a Role in Early Life Development

“…With regard to the maternal influencing factors, the overall dietary composition was not shaping the Gals profile however the highest influence due to diet was originated from starch and DPA intake. Early in life, a change in starch concentration in maternal diet has been related to a modulation of the lipid metabolism of newborn piglets [ 44 ] and a modulation of the milk production in cows [ 45 ]. DPA is an essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid related with several beneficial anti-inflammatory properties [ 46 ] and with potential health benefits for the infant development [ 47 ].…”

Effect of Dietary Starch-to-Fat Ratio on Lipid Metabolism, Inflammation, and Microbiota of Multiparous Sow and Newborn Piglets

“…Based on body weight, sows were divided into three groups and fed one of three dietary treatments on d 84 of gestation. These diets were designed according to starch-to-fat ratio: High (20:1), Medium (10:1), and Low (5:1) [26]. The experiment was carried out from d 85 of gestation to farrowing.…”