Effect of MCM-41 nanoparticles on the kinetics of free radical and RAFT polymerization of styrene

Sarsabili, Mohammadreza; Parvini, Mehdi; Salami‐Kalajahi, Mehdi; Asfadeh, Abbas

doi:10.1007/s13726-012-0114-2

Cited by 42 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…General procedure for preparation of random poly (styrene-co-butyl acrylate)/MPS-functionalized silica aerogel nanocomposites via in situ SR&NI ATRP SR&NI atom transfer radical random copolymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate in the… solution can be restricted by silica aerogel nanoparticles, especially at higher loadings. Therefore, copolymerization rate and conversion value decrease by the addition of silica aerogel nanoparticles content [56]. Table 2 summarizes extracted data from SEC analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SR&NI atom transfer radical random copolymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate in the presence of MPS-functionalized silica aerogel nanoparticles

Sarsabili

Kalantari

Khezri

2016

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Hydrophilic silica aerogel nanoparticles' surface was functionalized with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (MPS). Then, the resultant functionalized nanoparticles were used in grafting through copolymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate by simultaneous reverse and normal initiation technique for atom transfer radical copolymerization (SR&NI ATRP) to synthesize tailor-made random poly (styrene-co-butyl acrylate) nanocomposites with twofold chains. Successful surface modification of hydrophilic silica aerogel nanoparticles with MPS is demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm is applied to examine surface area and structural characteristics of the synthesized silica aerogel nanoparticles. Evaluation of size distribution and morphological studies were also performed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Conversion and molecular weight determinations were carried out using gas and size exclusion chromatography, respectively. Addition of MPS-functionalized nanoparticles by 3 mass% results in a decrease in conversion from 71 to 46 %. Molecular weight (M n ) of the free poly (styrene-cobutyl acrylate) chains decreases by adding 3 mass% MPSfunctionalized silica aerogel nanoparticles; however, polydispersity index (PDI) value increases from 1.17 to 1.48. Although PDI values of the attached poly (styrene-cobutyl acrylate) chains are increased from 1.54 to 1.76, M n values reveal an increment by adding silica aerogel nanoparticles. 1 H NMR spectroscopy results indicate that the molar ration of each monomer in the copolymer chains is approximately similar to the initial selected mole ratio of the monomers. Increasing thermal stability of the nanocomposites is demonstrated by TG. Differential scanning calorimetry also shows a decrease in glass transition temperature by increasing modified silica aerogel nanoparticles.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SR&NI atom transfer radical random copolymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate in the presence of MPS-functionalized silica aerogel nanoparticles

Sarsabili

Kalantari

Khezri

2016

J Therm Anal Calorim

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“…Therefore, polymerization rate and conversion value decrease by the addition of MCM-41 nanoparticles content. 40 An appropriate agreement between the theoretical and experimental molecular weights demonstrates the controlled nature of reaction. Also, color change of the reaction media during polymerization is an evidence of ATRP equilibrium establishment.…”

Section: -7mentioning

confidence: 77%

INTRODUCTION OF A DOUBLE BOND CONTAINING MODIFIER ON THE SURFACE OF MCM-41 NANOPARTICLES: APPLICATION FOR SR&NI ATRP OF STYRENE

Khezri

Haddadi‐Asl

Roghani‐Mamaqani

2014

NANO

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Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MCM-41) surface was functionalized with 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (MPS). Then, the resultant double bond containing nanoparticles were used in grafting through simultaneous reverse and normal initiation technique for atom transfer radical polymerization (SR&NI ATRP) of styrene to synthesize well-de¯ned polystyrene nanocomposites with twofold chains. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm and X-ray di®raction analysis were used to evaluate characteristics of spherical MCM-41 nanoparticles. Morphological studies were also performed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Conversion and molecular weight determinations were carried out using gas and size exclusion chromatography respectively. Addition of MCM-41 nanoparticles by 3 wt.% results in a decrease of conversion from 93% to 82%. Molecular weight of the free and attached polystyrene chains decreases by adding 3 wt.% MCM-41 nanoparticles; however, PDI values increases from 1.27 to 1.78 for free chains and 1.87 to 2.48 for attached chains. A peak around 4.1 ppm which originates from hydrogen atom of terminal units of polystyrene chains in proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra in combination with low PDI values can appropriately demonstrate the living nature of the polymerization. Increasing thermal stability of the nanocomposites is demonstrated by Thermogravimetric analysis. Di®erential scanning calorimetry also shows a decrease in glass transition temperature by increasing MCM-41 nanoparticles.

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“…In addition, a bifunctional CTA leads to polymer chains with higher molecular weight and also increase of polymerization rate. [33,34] Also, to further prove the success of RAFT agent in controlling polymerization, M n and PDI values were investigated during polymerization ( Figure 6) and M n was compared to theoretical M n value with Equation (1) [35]:…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysis (Tga)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of diethyl-dithiocarbamic acid 2-[4-(2-diethylthiocarbamoylsulfanyl-2-phenyl-acetyl)-2,5-dioxo-piperazin-1-yl]-2-oxo-1-phenyl-ethyl ester as new reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer agent for polymerization of ethyl methacrylate

Abdollahi

Abdouss

Salami‐Kalajahi

et al. 2015

Designed Monomers and Polymers

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-Nezhad (2016) Synthesis and characterization of diethyl-dithiocarbamic acid 2-[4-(2-diethylthiocarbamoylsulfanyl-2-phenyl-acetyl)-2,5-dioxo-piperazin-1-yl]-2-oxo-1-phenyl-ethyl ester as new reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer agent for polymerization of ethyl methacrylate, Designed Monomers and Polymers, 19:1, 56-66, DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2015 C NMR, FT-IR, elemental analysis, and melting point technique. Then, ethyl methacrylate was synthesized via free radical and RAFT polymerizations. To investigate the effect of the RAFT agent on the kinetic of polymerization, molecular weight, and polydispersity index (PDI) of polymers and also monomer conversion were monitored. Also, synthesized polymers were characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, FT-IR, and TGA. Characterization analyses of synthesized RAFT agent were consistent with the structure. NMR and FTIR analyses confirmed end group incorporation of RAFT agent into polymer structure. According to results, poly(ethyl methacrylate) with low PDI (1.14) was obtained. Kinetic study indicated well-controlled polymerization of ethyl methacrylate by synthesized RAFT agent. TGA results showed that RAFT agent could reduce termination reactions and so reduce head-to-head bonds and chain-end unsaturation by keeping the concentration of radicals low enough.

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Effect of MCM-41 nanoparticles on the kinetics of free radical and RAFT polymerization of styrene

Cited by 42 publications

References 33 publications

SR&NI atom transfer radical random copolymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate in the presence of MPS-functionalized silica aerogel nanoparticles

SR&NI atom transfer radical random copolymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate in the presence of MPS-functionalized silica aerogel nanoparticles

INTRODUCTION OF A DOUBLE BOND CONTAINING MODIFIER ON THE SURFACE OF MCM-41 NANOPARTICLES: APPLICATION FOR SR&NI ATRP OF STYRENE

Synthesis and characterization of diethyl-dithiocarbamic acid 2-[4-(2-diethylthiocarbamoylsulfanyl-2-phenyl-acetyl)-2,5-dioxo-piperazin-1-yl]-2-oxo-1-phenyl-ethyl ester as new reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer agent for polymerization of ethyl methacrylate

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