Effect of mechanical ball milling on the electrical and powder bed properties of gas-atomized Ti–48Al–2Cr–2Nb and elucidation of the smoke mechanism in the powder bed fusion electron beam melting process

Soobin, Yim; Aoyagi, Kazuhiko; Yanagihara, Keiji; Bian, Huakang; Chiba, Akihiko

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2022.07.024

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In comparison with type‐IV‐1, the powder flowability decreases significantly. Yim et al [ 39 ] reported that the irregular particle shape could decrease the packing density of the powder bed because of the increased pore size and number caused by sharp edge contact. Once the larger broken particle locates at a particular position, the particle rearrangement will confront considerable resistance due to the significant F v and the mechanical interlocking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ball Milling Treatment of Nb and B Nanoparticles Modified TiAl4822 Composite Powder and Its Effect on Powder Bed Quality and Powder Spreadability in Additive Manufacturing

Luo

Fang

et al. 2023

Adv Eng Mater

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Ball milling treatment is a low‐cost and achievable large‐scale production method for preparing the composite powder used for the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. For the ball‐milled composite powder, good powder spreadability and composition homogeneity are essential for obtaining the LPBF‐fabricated part with good forming quality. In this article, the Nb and B nanoparticles modified TiAl4822 composite powder with a nominal composition of Ti‐47.53Al‐1.98Cr‐2.81Nb‐0.15B are prepared via ball milling. It is found that the physical properties of the composite powder are more sensitive to the milling time than the milling speed and ball‐to‐powder ratio. Long‐time milling is inclined to cause the formation of broken particles, poor powder flowability, and high oxygen contamination. Besides, the process maps between the ball milling energy E t and particle size distribution width, the static angle of repose, composition inhomogeneity, and oxygen content are established, respectively. Results show that when the applied E t is insufficient or excessive, the degree of sphericity or composition homogeneity always worsens. In these cases, deposition defects such as line or area defects are more prone to occur, due to the enhanced particle rearrangement resistance induced by the addition of nanoparticles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ball Milling Treatment of Nb and B Nanoparticles Modified TiAl4822 Composite Powder and Its Effect on Powder Bed Quality and Powder Spreadability in Additive Manufacturing

Luo

Fang

et al. 2023

Adv Eng Mater

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“…Furthermore, research of the ball milling procedure has greatly promoted the development of Ti-based powder metallurgy technology [ 26 , 27 ]. Yim et al [ 28 ] found that mechanical stimulation was able to suppress the smoke of gas-atomized Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb powder using Al 2 O 3 and WC ball milling. Salur et al [ 29 ] studied the effect of ball milling time on the structural characteristics and mechanical properties of the nano-sized Y 2 O 3 particle, which reinforced aluminum matrix composites produced by the powder metallurgy route.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is still an urgent need to further develop new type titanium alloys. First, the elastic modulus of titanium alloy implants (~110 GPa) is much higher than that of human bone (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) [8,9]. Orthopedic implants with incompatible elastic modulus could generate stress shielding after implantation, leading to loosening or fracture of the implant in the human body [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabricated High-Strength, Low-Elastic Modulus Biomedical Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn Alloy via Powder Metallurgy

et al. 2023

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With the huge demands of an aging society, it is urgent to develop a new generation of non-toxic titanium alloy to match the modulus of human bone. Here, we prepared bulk Ti2448 alloys by powder metallurgy technology, and focused on the influence of the sintering process on the porosity, phase composition, and mechanical properties of the initial sintered samples. Furthermore, we performed solution treatment on the samples under different sintering parameters to further adjust the microstructure and phase composition, so as to achieve strength enhancement and reduction of Young’s modulus. Solution treatment can effectively inhibit the continuous α phase precipitated along the grain boundaries of the β matrix, which is beneficial to the fracture resistance. Therefore, the water-quenched sample exhibits good mechanical properties due to the absence of acicular α-phase. Samples sintered at 1400℃ and subsequently water quenched have excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, which benefit from high porosity and the smaller feature size of microstructure. To be specific, the compressive yield stress is 1100 MPa, the strain at fracture is 17.5%, and the Young’s modulus is 44 GPa, which are more applicable to orthopedic implants. Finally, the relatively mature sintering and solution treatment process parameters were screened out for reference in actual production.

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“…To improve the flowability of HDH powder, researchers modified the powders by ball milling (BM), gas-solid fluidization, and fluidized bed jet milling. [19][20][21][22] The results indicated that modified HDH powder exhibited good flowability, which met the needs of the L-PBF process. In addition, nearly full dense…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Wear and Corrosion Performances of Titanium Parts Fabricated by SLM Using Near‐Spherical Powder for Biomedical Applications

Zhu

et al. 2023

Adv Eng Mater

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Herein, commercially pure titanium parts (CP‐Ti) are fabricated successfully by laser powder bed fusion using cost‐effective ball milling (BM) near‐spherical powder. The hardness, microstructure, wear, and corrosion performances of BM‐Ti parts are investigated systemically. The microstructure of the fabricated BM‐Ti sample consists of α′ phase. Compared with the sample fabricated using gas‐atomized (GA) spherical powder, the BM‐Ti sample exhibits higher hardness (354 HV vs 240 HV) due to grain refinement. Owing to the formation of a denser oxide film and finger gain, BM‐Ti exhibits a higher corrosion resistance than that of GA‐Ti and forged Ti–6Al–4 V alloy. Under the same load, taking 2 N for example, the BM‐Ti sample exhibits a lower wear rate (1.03 × 10−12 m3 N−1 m−1) than that of the GA‐Ti sample (1.75 × 10−12 m3 N−1 m−1), and comparable to the forged Ti–6Al–4 V alloy (0.84 × 10−12 m3 N−1 m−1). The wear mechanism of the BM‐Ti sample and forged Ti–6Al–4 V alloy is abrasive wear accompanied by adhesion, while the mechanism for the GA‐Ti sample is a combination of delamination and adhesion wear. Together, enhanced wear and corrosion performances of CP‐Ti fabricated using low‐cost BM near‐spherical powder widen its applications in the fields of biomedical further.

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Effect of mechanical ball milling on the electrical and powder bed properties of gas-atomized Ti–48Al–2Cr–2Nb and elucidation of the smoke mechanism in the powder bed fusion electron beam melting process

Cited by 21 publications

References 29 publications

Ball Milling Treatment of Nb and B Nanoparticles Modified TiAl4822 Composite Powder and Its Effect on Powder Bed Quality and Powder Spreadability in Additive Manufacturing

Ball Milling Treatment of Nb and B Nanoparticles Modified TiAl4822 Composite Powder and Its Effect on Powder Bed Quality and Powder Spreadability in Additive Manufacturing

Fabricated High-Strength, Low-Elastic Modulus Biomedical Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn Alloy via Powder Metallurgy

Enhanced Wear and Corrosion Performances of Titanium Parts Fabricated by SLM Using Near‐Spherical Powder for Biomedical Applications

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