Effect of medetomidine and its antagonism with atipamezole on stress-related hormones, metabolites, physiologic responses, sedation, and mechanical threshold in goats

Carroll, Gwendolyn L.; Hartsfield, Sandee M.; Champney, Thomas H.; Geller, Sue; Martinez, Elizabeth A.; Haley, Erica L

doi:10.1111/j.1467-2995.2005.00187.x

Cited by 42 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Development of profound hypoxaemia in goats, but especially in sheep, has been documented with anaesthetic protocols that included α 2 -adrenoceptor agonists such as xylazine, romifidine, detomidine and medetomidine (Celly et al 1997;Kumar & Thurmon 1979;Mogoa, Stegmann & Guthrie 2000). For this reason, it is recommended to exercise caution when using these drugs in small ruminants (Carroll et al 2005;Galatos 2011). Because the suitability of use of α 2 -adrenoceptor agonists in goats is currently debatable, the author decided not to include literature on IVA with these drugs in goats in this review.…”

Section: Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonistsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Intravenous anaesthesia in goats: A review

Dzikiti

2013

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

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Intravenous anaesthesia is gradually becoming popular in veterinary practice. Traditionally, general anaesthesia is induced with intravenous drugs and then maintained with inhalation agents. Inhalation anaesthetic agents cause more significant dose-dependent cardiorespiratory depression than intravenous anaesthetic drugs, creating a need to use less of the inhalation anaesthetic agents for maintenance of general anaesthesia by supplementing with intravenous anaesthesia drugs. Better still, if anaesthesia is maintained completely with intravenous anaesthetic drugs, autonomic functions remain more stable intra-operatively. Patient recovery from anaesthesia is smoother and there is less pollution of the working environment than happens with inhalation anaesthetic agents. Recently, a number of drugs with profiles (pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic) suitable for prolonged intravenous anaesthesia have been studied, mostly in humans and, to a certain extent, in dogs and horses. There is currently very little scientific information on total intravenous anaesthesia in goats, although, in the past few years, some scholarly scientific articles on drugs suitable for partial intravenous anaesthesia in goats have been published. This review article explored the information available on drugs that have been assessed for partial intravenous anaesthesia in goats, with the aim of promoting incorporation of these drugs into total intravenous anaesthesia protocols in clinical practice. That way, balanced anaesthesia, a technique in which drugs are included in anaesthetic protocols for specific desired effects (hypnosis, analgesia, muscle relaxation, autonomic stabilisation) may be utilised in improving the welfare of goats undergoing general anaesthesia.

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Section: Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonistsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Intravenous anaesthesia in goats: A review

Dzikiti

2013

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

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“…It is stated in literature that xylazine HCl can cause oronasal discharge and urination [7,11,16,20,21] . In our study, it was observed that oro-nasal discharge started as early as 5 min after injection and continued at various intervals until at most the 90 th min.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been put forth in various studies in literature [7,10] that xylazine HCl causes hyperglycemia. In this study, hyperglycemia was observed in all animals during and after sedation.…”

Section: -6 Was Determined Whereas Grant and Uptonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…α-2 adrenoreceptor agonists cause respiratory distress, hypercapnia and hypoxemia. These effects may prolong the duration of sedation [5][6][7][8][9] . In addition they increase the amount of urine and cause hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia [7,10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These effects may prolong the duration of sedation [5][6][7][8][9] . In addition they increase the amount of urine and cause hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia [7,10] . Xylazine HCl is the most preferred drug among α-2 adrenoreceptor agonists and can be administered intravenously, intramuscularly and subcutaneously [8,11,12] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Koyunlarda Tekrarlanan Sedasyonlarda Kullanılan Xylazinin Biyokimyasal ve Klinik Değerlere Etkisi

Karasu¹,

Gençcelep²

2015

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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The objective of the study is to determine the sedative effects of xylazine HCl administered to sheep in repeated fixed doses clinically and biochemically. Five Akkaraman breed rams identified to be clinically healthy were used in the study. Xylazine HCl was administered 4 times at a dose of 0.4 mg/kg intramuscular (fixed dose) with 4 day intervals to induce sedation. Rectal temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate along with rumen motility of all animals were evaluated before and after the administration. The depths of sedation and analgesia, control of reflexes along with various biochemical parameters were studied. The results showed that xylazine HCl led to change of less physiological parameters in the following administration in comparison with the first application. Whereas only moderate and deep sedation were observed in the first application on sheep; mild, moderate and deep sedation were observed in all remaining administration. The degree of analgesic effect was 0 during mild and moderate sedation periods whereas it was 1-2 during deep sedation period. It was concluded that repeated sedations of xylazine HCl administration reduce the degree of sedation in third and fourth administration in sheep. Keywords: Sheep, Xylazine HCl, Repeated sedation Koyunlarda Tekrarlanan Sedasyonlarda Kullanılan Xylazinin Biyokimyasal ve Klinik Değerlere Etkisi ÖzetBu çalışmada ksilazinin tekrarlayan dozlarda klinik ve biyokimyasal açıdan sedatif etkilerini araştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada klinik olarak sağlıklı olduğu belirlenen 5 adet yetişkin Akkaraman ırkı koç kullanıldı. Sedasyon oluşturmak amacıyla her uygulamada xylazin HCl 0.4 mg/kg dozunda kas içi olarak (sabit doz) 4 gün arayla 4 uygulama yapıldı. Uygulama öncesi ve uygulama sonrası rektal vücut sıcaklığı, nabız ve solunum sayısı, rumen hareketleri, takip edildi. Ayrıca sedasyon ve analjezinin derinliği, reflekslerin kontrolü ile biyokimyasal bazı parametreler araştırıldı. İlk uygulamaya göre tekrarlayan dozlarda ksilazin HCl fizyolojik parametrelerde daha az değişikliğe neden oldu. İlk ugulamada sadece orta ve ileri derecede sedasyon şekillenirken, sonraki uygulamalarda hafif, orta ve ileri derecede sedasyon şekillendi. Hafif ve orta derece sedasyonda analjezinin derecesi 0 iken, derin sedasyonda 1-2 olarak saptandı. Sonuç olarak koyunlarda tekrarlayan sedasyonlarda verilen ksilazin HCI'nin üçüncü ve dördüncü uygulamalarında sedasyonun derecesini azalttığı sonucuna varıldı.

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Gazelles

West¹

2007

Zoo Animal and Wildlife Immobilization and Anesthesia

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Effect of medetomidine and its antagonism with atipamezole on stress-related hormones, metabolites, physiologic responses, sedation, and mechanical threshold in goats

Cited by 42 publications

References 39 publications

Intravenous anaesthesia in goats: A review

Intravenous anaesthesia in goats: A review

Koyunlarda Tekrarlanan Sedasyonlarda Kullanılan Xylazinin Biyokimyasal ve Klinik Değerlere Etkisi

Gazelles

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