Effect of mercury on algal growth rates

Hannan, Patrick J.; Patouillet, Constance

doi:10.1002/bit.260140109

Cited by 51 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Since the description of a method for the measurement of in vivo chl concentration using the ability of this molecule to fluoresce (Lorenzen 1966), this optical property has been scarcely used for the estimation of algal growth (Thomas 1970, Hannan and Patouillet 1972, Tunzi et al 1974, Paasche 1977, Brand and Guillard 1981, Sugg and VanDolah 1999). Although the development of modified fluorometers of extreme sensitivity for in vivo measurements makes the detection of low chl concentrations practicable, the accurate assessment of biomass through this parameter has been recognized as limited because it varies with growth conditions and physiological state of cells (Kiefer 1973a, Slovacek and Bannister 1973, Slovacek and Hannan 1977, Mitchell and Kiefer 1988, Sosik et al 1989, Sosik and Mitchell 1991) and among species (Lorenzen 1966, Strickland 1968, Kiefer 1973b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

REAPPRAISAL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF NINE STRAINS OF DUNALIELLA (CHLOROPHYCEAE): GROWTH AND PIGMENT CONTENT ACROSS A SALINITY GRADIENT

Cifuentes

González

Inostroza

et al. 2001

Journal of Phycology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Among the few taxonomic characters used to circumscribe sections within the subgenus Dunaliella are the physiological response to changes in salt concentration, which define a specific range for optimal growth, and the carotenogenic ability of the vegetative cells, responsible for the change in cell color from green to orange or red, under suboptimal culture conditions. Previous work based on molecular data from seven taxa of different sections of the subgenus showed no correlation between the genetic relationship inferred from the internal transcribed spacer RFLP data and the morphophysiological attributes in use in taxonomy. The present work was performed to experimentally reevaluate the physiological attributes in the same seven previous taxa ( D. tertiolecta Butcher UTEX 999 and CCMP 1320, D. parva Lerche UTEX 1983 and CCMP 362, D. salina Teodoresco UTEX 200, D. viridis Teodoresco CONC 002, and D. peircei Nicolai et Baas Becking UTEX 2192) adding D. parva CCAP 19/9 and D. pseudosalina Massyuk et Radchenko CONC 010. Growth responses and pigment content in a wide range of NaCl concentrations were assessed. The results revealed that two strains of D. parva , two strains of D. tertiolecta , and one strain of D. peircei showed similarity in their growth responses to the whole range of salt concentrations. Dunaliella parva UTEX 1983, on the other hand, showed a growth rate pattern very different from those of their conspecifics and similar to those of D. viridis CONC 002 and D. salina UTEX 200. In relation to the pigment content, none of the strains turned orange or red in color under the whole range of salt concentrations assayed, and the total carotenoids to chlorophyll ratios were always lower or equal to 1.0. These results reaffirm the validity of the physiological attributes used to discriminate sections within the subgenus Dunaliella and show correlation with the previous molecular data, but stress the need for relocating some strains into different sections.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

REAPPRAISAL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF NINE STRAINS OF DUNALIELLA (CHLOROPHYCEAE): GROWTH AND PIGMENT CONTENT ACROSS A SALINITY GRADIENT

Cifuentes

González

Inostroza

et al. 2001

Journal of Phycology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Variation of nutrient concentrations does not influence generation times but causes changes in the production rates of new cells (Elbr~i&ter, 1976). In toxicity tests the sensitivity of the algae varies inversely with the concentration of the nutrients present (Hannan& Patouillet, 1972). Investigations on the effects of heavy metals prohibit the addition of chelating agents to the test medium as they would immediately combine and form non-toxic complexes (Jensen & Rystad, 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of zinc sulphate on the growth of mono- and multispecies cultures of some marine plankton algae

Kayser

1977

Helgolander Wiss. Meeresunters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of zinc sulphate has been investigated in mono-and multispecies cultures of the dinoflagellates ScrippsieIla faeroense, Prorocentrum rnicans and Gymnodiniurn splendens and of the diatoms SchroederelIa schroederi and Thalassiosira rotula. Multiplication rate, in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence, maximum cell densities and Zn-conditioned disturbance of the species equilibrium of the multispecies cultures were used as criteria of sublethal toxic inhibition. In monocultures, the first effect became manifest atter addition of 0.01 to 0.1 mg Zn §247 9 1 -~. Diatoms proved to be more sensitive than dinoflagellates. In multispecies cultures, the growth of each species depended on the ratio of the inocula. Interrelation between interspecific competition and Zn-caused decrease in the number of algal cells regulated further growth of the cultures. Algal sensitivity to zinc increased with the number of species combined in the test medium: in a 5-species culture sublethal changes appeared already after addition of 0.005 to 0.01 mg Zn ++ 9 1-1. In a few cases, interspecific competition depressed the growth of some species to an appreciable extent, even in the control cultures. At the resulting low cell numbers, the effect of zinc became apparent ~only in higher concentrations from 5 to 10 mg Zn §247 9 1-1. Morphological aberrations became manifest in Scrippsiella faeroense and in the diatoms in concentrations from 1 and 0.01 mg Zn §247 . 1-1 respectively. The results show that multispecies experiments are a more sensitive test method for investigating the influence of zinc on plankton algae than are monoculture experiments. In natural plankton communities, however, the toxicity of heavy metals may become effective at considerably lower limit concentrations; this is suggested by the simplified model investigations in the laboratory.

show abstract

“…Mercury inhibits or stops algal growth (Kamp-Nielsen, 1971;Nuzzi, 1972;Hannan & Patouillet, 1972;Rice, Leighty & McLeod, 1973;Zingmark & Miller, 1975 ;Agrawal & Kumar, 1975 ;Hutchinson & Stokes, 1975 ; De Filippis & Pallaghy, 1 9 7 6~; Stratton, Huber & Corke, 1979), inhibits photosynthesis (Zingmark & Miller, 1975;De Filippis & Pallaghy, 19766;Blinn, Tompkins & Zaleski, I 977), decreases nitrogen fixation by inhibiting nitrogenase activity (Stratton et al, 1979), and reduces chlorophyll content (Geike, 1977;De Filippis & Pallaghy, 19763;Rai & Dey, 1980;Rai & Khatoniar, 1980;Rai, Gaur & Kumar, 1981). Mercury inhibits or stops algal growth (Kamp-Nielsen, 1971;Nuzzi, 1972;Hannan & Patouillet, 1972;Rice, Leighty & McLeod, 1973;Zingmark & Miller, 1975 ;Agrawal & Kumar, 1975 ;Hutchinson & Stokes, 1975 ; De Filippis & Pallaghy, 1 9 7 6~; Stratton, Huber & Corke, 1979), inhibits photosynthesis (Zingmark & Miller, 1975;De Filippis & Pallaghy, 19766;Blinn, Tompkins & Zaleski, I 977), decreases nitrogen fixation by inhibiting nitrogenase activity (Stratton et al, 1979), and reduces chlorophyll content (Geike, 1977;De Filippis & Pallaghy, 19763;Rai & Dey, 1980;Rai & Khatoniar, 1980;Rai, Gaur & Kumar, 1981).…”

Section: (I) Mercurymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mercury is the most toxic heavy metal of the 'non-essential' group and is widely distributed in water bodies. Mercury inhibits or stops algal growth (Kamp-Nielsen, 1971;Nuzzi, 1972;Hannan & Patouillet, 1972;Rice, Leighty & McLeod, 1973;Zingmark & Miller, 1975 ;Agrawal & Kumar, 1975 ;Hutchinson & Stokes, 1975 ; De Filippis & Pallaghy, 1 9 7 6~; Stratton, Huber & Corke, 1979), inhibits photosynthesis (Zingmark & Miller, 1975;De Filippis & Pallaghy, 19766;Blinn, Tompkins & Zaleski, I 977), decreases nitrogen fixation by inhibiting nitrogenase activity (Stratton et al, 1979), and reduces chlorophyll content (Geike, 1977;De Filippis & Pallaghy, 19763;Rai & Dey, 1980;Rai & Khatoniar, 1980;Rai, Gaur & Kumar, 1981). De Filippis & Pallaghy (1976b), and Rai et al ( I 981) have noticed an increase in the carotenoid : chlorophyll ratio following supplementation of mercury to the algal culture medium.…”

Section: (I) Mercurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phycology and Heavy‐metal Pollution

1981

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary 1. All heavy metals, including those that are essential micronutrients (e.g. copper, zinc, etc.), are toxic to algae at high concentrations. 2. One characteristic feature of heavy‐metal toxicity is the poisoning and inactivation of enzyme systems. Many of the physiological and biochemical processes, viz., photosynthesis, respiration, protein synthesis and chlorophyll synthesis, etc., are severely affected at high metal concentrations. 3. Some algae inhabit waters chronically polluted with heavy‐metal‐laden wastes from mining and smelting operations; Nodularia sp., Oscillatoria sp., Cladophora sp., Hormidium sp., Fucus sp. and Laminaria sp., etc., occur in metal‐rich waters. These algal forms are probably more capable of combating the toxic levels of heavy metals and this attribute is a result of physiological and/or genetic adaptations. The sensitivity or tolerance to heavy metals varies amongst different algae. The phenomena of multiple tolerance and co‐tolerance may be exhibited by some algae. 4. Heavy‐metal pollution causes reduction in species diversity leading to the dominance of a few tolerant algal forms. The primary productivity also decreases after metal supplementation. 5. The uptake and accumulation of heavy metals can be active (energy‐dependent), passive (energy‐independent), or both. 6. Heavy metals can be safely stored as intranuclear complexes by some algae. Notwithstanding this, some changes in the cell wall can enable the algae to tolerate heavy metals by checking the entry of the metals (exclusion mechanism). 7. The metal content of algae growing in a waterbody may yield valuable information for simulating heavy metal pollution: several species of Cladophora and Fucus have been extensively used for this purpose. 8. Several factors affect and determine toxicity of heavy metals to algae. At low pH, the availability of heavy metals to algae is greatly increased, as a consequence of which pronounced toxicity is evident. Hard waters decrease metal toxicity. Some ions, e.g., calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, can alleviate toxicity of metals. 9. The presence of other metals can influence toxicity of a heavy metal through simple additive effect or by synergistic and antagonistic interactions. Similarly, other pollutants can influence heavy‐metal toxicity. 10. The toxicity of heavy metals depends upon their chemical speciation. Various ionic forms of a metal characterized by different valency states, may be differentially toxic to a test alga. 11. Amino acids, organic matter, humic acids, fulvic acid, EDTA, NTA, etc. can complex with heavy metals and render them unavailable. This may eventually lead to less toxicity. 12. Heavy‐metal toxicity largely depends upon algal population density: the denser the population the more numerous the cellular sites available, leading to decreased toxicity.

show abstract

Effect of mercury on algal growth rates

Cited by 51 publications

References 10 publications

REAPPRAISAL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF NINE STRAINS OF DUNALIELLA (CHLOROPHYCEAE): GROWTH AND PIGMENT CONTENT ACROSS A SALINITY GRADIENT

REAPPRAISAL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF NINE STRAINS OF DUNALIELLA (CHLOROPHYCEAE): GROWTH AND PIGMENT CONTENT ACROSS A SALINITY GRADIENT

Effect of zinc sulphate on the growth of mono- and multispecies cultures of some marine plankton algae

Phycology and Heavy‐metal Pollution

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About