Effect of metabolic health and obesity on all-cause death and CVD incidence in Korean adults: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the risk of all-cause mortality and incidence of CVD according to metabolic health and body mass index (BMI) in Korean adults. This study was retrospectively designed using the National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort data. Participants were divided into six groups according to two category of metabolic syndrome and three categories of BMI. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the composite outcome (all-cause mortality and incidence of CVDs) were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. 151,706 participants aged ≥ 40 years were enrolled; median follow-up period was 9.7 years in the study. Compared to metabolically healthy normal weight, the fully adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of metabolically healthy overweight, metabolically healthy obese, metabolically unhealthy normal weight, metabolically unhealthy overweight, and metabolically unhealthy obese for composite outcome were 1.07 (1.03–1.12), 1.12 (1.07–1.17), 1.33 (1.25–1.41), 1.28 (1.22–1.34), and 1.31 (1.26–1.37), respectively, in men, and 1.10 (1.05–1.16), 1.22 (1.16–1.29), 1.34 (1.26–1.43), 1.27 (1.19–1.34), and, 1.40 (1.34–1.47), respectively, in women. High BMI and metabolic unhealthiness were associated with an increased risk on the composite of all-cause mortality and incidence of CVD in both sexes.

Psychometric Properties of the Advance Care Planning Engagement Survey-9 in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases

“…In South Korea, CVDs have been the second cause of deaths since 2000, 2 resulting in more than 54 000 CVD-related deaths in 2020 3 . In addition, MetS was the leading cause of CVD in South Korea 4 . In many countries, CVDs cause considerable financial burden.…”

“…3 In addition, MetS was the leading cause of CVD in South Korea. 4 In many countries, CVDs cause considerable financial burden. The annual direct cost of CVDs was more than $600 billion in G20+ countries and 7.8 billion in South Korea.…”