Effect of metoclopramide, bethanechol and the cholecystokinin receptor antagonist, L-364,718, on gastric emptying in the rat

Beer Congener Stimulates Gastrointestinal Motility Via the Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors

“…Recently, we identified N-methyltyramine, a constituent in beer, as a potent stimulant of gastrin release (Yokoo et al, 1999). Drugs that have muscarinic ACh receptor agonist properties, such as bethanechol, were reported to stimulate not only gastric emptying but also gastric acid secretion (Decktor et al, 1988;Pagani et al, 1985). It is possible that the constituents of beer used in the present study play a stimulatory role in gastric acid secretion and gastrin release, as in the case of N-methyltyramine, in addition to gastric emptying.…”

A multi-site comparison of in vivo safety pharmacology studies conducted to support ICH S7A & B regulatory submissions

“…Metformin has different effects on the gastrointestinal system dependent upon dose (Decktor et al, 1988). At the low dose (2 mg/kg) it would be typical to see a small decrease in stomach contents but at higher doses (1200 mg/kg) it is expected that there will be a decrease in small intestinal transit time.…”

“…administration). Doses were selected based on information provided in the published literature (Decktor, Pendleton, Elnitsky, Jenkins, & McDowell, 1988;Meite et al, 2009;Mozaffari et al, 2011;Prior et al, 2012;Quaile et al, 2010;Yeung, McCurrie, & Woods, 2001). During the fast period, the animals were placed in flat bottomed cages that contained no bedding.…”

Effects of an Atractylodes lancea rhizome extract and a volatile component β-eudesmol on gastrointestinal motility in mice

“…Furthermore, one study found that 40% of patients with functional dyspepsia had slow small intestinal transit times and an increased likelihood of reporting bloating and abdominal pain (Chitkara et al, 2003). There are reports that gastrointestinal motility is regulated not only by nitric oxide (NO) (Kuo et al, 2009;Chen et al, 2010), and gastrointestinal peptides including gastrin (Modlin et al, 1997;Itoh, 1997), and ghrelin (Masuda et al, 2000;Inui, 2001;Asakawa et al, 2001), but also by various neurotransmitters such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (Mine et al, 1997;Takeda et al, 2008;Tominaga et al, 2011), dopamine (Cooper and McRitchie, 1985;Iwanaga et al, 1991;Li et al, 2006), catecholamines (Scheibner et al, 2002;Choudhury et al, 2009), and acetylcholine (Decktor et al, 1988;Fujii et al, 2002). Yamahara et al (1977) reported that an extract of Atractylodes lancea and a volatile component ␤-eudesmol caused no gastrointestinal damage such as stress-induced stomach ulcers, the secretion of gastric juice, or changes in small intestinal motility in rodents, but Yamahara et al (1990) reported in 1990 that the extracts of Atractylodes lancea, and their volatile components ␤-eudesmol and hinesol enhanced intestinal motility in mice.…”