“…To our best knowledge, this is the first time to study the effects of synbiotics in the diet of crayfish. This agreed well with the previous findings on Penaeus japonicus fed with Bacillus (B. licheniformis and B. subtilis) + isomaltooligosaccharide (Zhang et al, 2011); Litopenaeus vannamei fed with Bacillus sp + the oligosaccharides (Munaeni, Yuhana, & Widanarni, 2014); L. vannamei fed with B. subtilis + P. acidilactici and β-glucan (Wongsasak, Chaijamrus, Kumkhong, & Boonanuntanasarn, 2015); L. vannamei fed with Vibrio alginolyticus + oligosaccharide (Nurhayati & Yuhana, 2015); ovate pompano fed with B. subtilis + fructooligosaccharide (Zhang et al, 2014); hybrid surubim fed with inulin + Weissella cibaria (Mourino et al, 2012); and rainbow trout fed with E. faecalis + MOS (Rodriguez-Estrada et al, 2009) and E. faecalis + FOS (Mehrabi, Firouzbakhsh, & Jafarpour, 2012). Critically considering differences between prebiotic origin, probiotic variety, hydrolysis conditions (in vitro and in vivo), physicochemical conditions in the habitats and also, test animal properties including dominant feeding regime, gastrointestinal evacuation rate, diet formulation, initial weight, nutritional history and feeding period may help to interpret results.…”