Effect of microbial activity, soil water content and added copper on the temporal distribution patterns of HCB and DDT among different soil organic matter fractions

Zhang, Jingjing; Wen, Bin; Shan, Xiao-quan

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2007.04.026

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This is consistent with our earlier findings that the volatility of OCPs and PCBs in sterilized soil did not experience any change over 550 days . Some studies have shown that microbes accelerate the formation of bound residues, − while others have suggested that they are capable of releasing the bound residues from soil. , Lack of aging effect in the controls could also be due to an artifact of the gamma-irradiation process which may alter the structure of the soil organic matter, and thus change the sorption behavior of a sterilized soil . It is noted that K SA of the sterile control soils is higher than the nonsterile soil and the reason is unclear.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Fate of Brominated Flame Retardants and Organochlorine Pesticides in Urban Soil: Volatility and Degradation

Wong

Kurt-Karakuş

Bidleman

2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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As the uses of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs) are being phased out in many countries, soils could become a secondary emission source to the atmosphere. It is also anticipated that the demand for alternative brominated flame retardants (BFRs) will grow, but little is known about their environmental fate in soils. In this study, the volatility and degradation of BFRs and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in soil was investigated. A low organic carbon (5.6%) urban soil was spiked with a suite of BFRs and OCPs, followed by incubation under laboratory condition for 360 days. These included BDE- 17, -28, -47, -99; α- and β-1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl)cyclohexane (TBECH), β-1,2,5,6-tetrabromocyclooctane (TBCO), and 2,3-dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (DPTE), OCPs: α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH) and (13)C(6)-α-HCH, trans-chlordane (TC), and (13)C(10)-TC. The volatility of spiked chemicals was investigated using a fugacity meter to measure the soil-air partition coefficient (K(SA)). K(SA) of some spiked BFRs and OCPs increased from Day 10 to 60 or 90 and leveled off afterward. This suggests that the volatility of BFRs and OCPs decreases over time as the chemicals become more strongly bound to the soil. Degradation of alternative BFRs (α- and β-TBECH, β-TBCO, DPTE), BDE-17, and α-HCH ((13)C-labeled and nonlabeled) was evident in soils over 360 days, but no degradation was observed for the BDE-28, -47, -99, and TC ((13)C-labeled and nonlabeled). A method to separate the enantiomers of α-TBECH and β-TBCO was developed and their degradation, along with α-HCH ((13)C-labeled and nonlabeled) was enantioselective. This is the first study which reports the enantioselective degradation of chiral BFRs in soils. Discrepancies between the enantiomer fraction (EF) of chemicals extracted from the soil by dichloromethane (DCM) and air were found. It is suggested that DCM removes both the sequestered and loosely bound fractions of chemicals in soil, whereas air accesses only the loosely bound fraction, and these two pools are subject to different degrees of enantioselective degradation. This calls for caution when interpreting EFs obtained from DCM extraction of soil with EFs in ambient air.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Fate of Brominated Flame Retardants and Organochlorine Pesticides in Urban Soil: Volatility and Degradation

Wong

Kurt-Karakuş

Bidleman

2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The K SA and HPCD% of the Sterile soils generally showed no trend with aging time, with exceptions noted above. Studies on sorption of organic chemicals in sterile vs nonsterile soils have shown that microbes may accelerate the formation of bound residues ,− . However, MacLeod and Semple reported that there were less pyrene extracted by butanol from soils that had been sterilized.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging of Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Muck Soil: Volatilization, Bioaccessibility, and Degradation

Wong

Bidleman

2011

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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An organic rich muck soil which is highly contaminated with native organochlorine pesticide (OCs) was spiked with known amounts of (13)C-labeled OCs and nonlabeled polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Spiked soils were aged under indoor, outdoor, and sterile conditions and the change in volatility, surrogate bioaccessibility, and degradation of chemicals was monitored periodically over 730 d. Volatility was measured using a fugacity meter to characterize the soil-air partition coefficient (K(SA) = C(SOIL)/C(AIR)). The fraction of bioaccessible residues was estimated by comparing recoveries of chemical with a mild extractant, hydroxylpropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) vs a harsh extractant, DCM. K(SA) of the spiked OCs in the nonsterile (Indoor, Outdoor) soils were initially lower and approached the K(SA) of native OCs over time, showing reduction of volatility upon aging. HPCD extractability of spiked OCs and PCBs were negatively correlated with K(SA), which suggests that volatility can be used as a surrogate for bioaccessibility. Degradation of endosulfans, PCB 8 and 28 was observed in the nonsterile soils, and (13)C(6)-α-HCH showed selective degradation of the (+) enantiomer. Enantiomer fractions (EF) in air and HPCD extracts were lower than in nonsterile soils, suggesting greater sequestering of the (+) enantiomer in the soil during microbial degradation.

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Spatial distribution, source analysis, and ecological risk assessment of DDTs in typical wetland surface soils of Poyang Lake

Liu

et al. 2012

Environ Earth Sci

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Effect of microbial activity, soil water content and added copper on the temporal distribution patterns of HCB and DDT among different soil organic matter fractions

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

Fate of Brominated Flame Retardants and Organochlorine Pesticides in Urban Soil: Volatility and Degradation

Fate of Brominated Flame Retardants and Organochlorine Pesticides in Urban Soil: Volatility and Degradation

Aging of Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Muck Soil: Volatilization, Bioaccessibility, and Degradation

Spatial distribution, source analysis, and ecological risk assessment of DDTs in typical wetland surface soils of Poyang Lake

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