Effect of Microwave Hydrodiffusion and Gravity on the Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Properties of Blackberries (Rubus spp.): Scale-Up Extraction

Abstract

The phenolic compounds of blackberries extracted with organic solvents cause environmental damage. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to verify if microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity obtain a blackberry extract with a high concentration of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity without the addition of any solvent. The results showed that it was possible to reach the objective with 500 W and 10 min of extraction by employing a method that meets green chemistry principles. The extract has a lower cost than the exhaustive method, is microbiologically safe, and is mainly composed of anthocyanins (85%). The presence of 5 anthocyanins and 17 non-anthocyanin phenolic compounds were identified, including hydroxyresveratrol, which was first extracted in blackberries by microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity. The phenolic compound content and antioxidant capacity were lower in the last fractions, which reduced the extraction time to 8 min. The coproduct showed phenolic, antioxidant capacity, and microbiological quality. This study presented a fast, efficient, economical, sustainable, and solvent-free method to extract phenolic compounds from blackberries.

Phytochemicals Determination, and Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of Blackberry Fruits

“…Both were previously identified by Oszmianski et al in wild blackberry fruits [ 7 ]. Ellagic acid appeared at a retention time of 8.726 min and it is considered the main phenolic compound present in blackberry fruits by numerous authors [ 7 , 33 , 36 ]. Nevertheless, the most abundant phenolic acid detected in this work has been ellagic acid pentoside, with a total concentration of 53.6 μg/g d.w. as the sum of its isomers.…”

“…Three catechin derivatives, such as epicatechin and two B-type procyanidin dimers (peaks 14, 10 and 15, respectively), were also tentatively identified. All of them, were previously described in blackberry fruits [ 33 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. Furthermore, at retention times of 9.984 and 10.509 min, two molecules with molecular formula C 30 H 36 O 11 were identified as kadsurarin and its isomer, and at a retention time of 10.74 min, a compound proposed as kadsurenin B was also detected.…”

Effect of heat‐treating methods on components, instrumental evaluation of color and taste, and antioxidant properties of sea buckthorn pulp flavonoids

“…Moraes et al. (2020) reported that microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity extracting method met green chemistry principles, and the extracts had high antioxidant activity. The flavonoids in sea buckthorn have many bioactivities in human health such as antioxidant (Guo et al., 2017), anti‐inflammatory (Wojtunik‐Kulesza et al., 2016), cytoprotective (Larmo et al., 2010), and antibacterial activities (Jeong et al., 2010).…”

Green and Quick Extraction of Stable Biophenol-Rich Red Extracts from Grape Processing Waste

“…Finally, it is also of relevance to this report that in scaled-up MHG extraction of phenolics from fruit, the cost of manufacturing largely depends on the cost of raw material (81.09%), followed by the cost of utilities (13.09%). 39 As the cost of wine pomace is extremely low, MHG is particularly well suited for the valorization of red wine pomace also from a practical application viewpoint.…”