Macrophages are prominent immune cells in the tumor microenvironment that exert potent effects on cancer metastasis. However, the signals and receivers for the tumor-macrophage communication remain enigmatic. Here, we show that G protein-coupled receptor 132 (Gpr132) functions as a key macrophage sensor of the rising lactate in the acidic tumor milieu to mediate the reciprocal interaction between cancer cells and macrophages during breast cancer metastasis. Lactate activates macrophage Gpr132 to promote the alternatively activated macrophage (M2)-like phenotype, which, in turn, facilitates cancer cell adhesion, migration, and invasion. Consequently, Gpr132 deletion reduces M2 macrophages and impedes breast cancer lung metastasis in mice. Clinically, Gpr132 expression positively correlates with M2 macrophages, metastasis, and poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. These findings uncover the lactate-Gpr132 axis as a driver of breast cancer metastasis by stimulating tumor-macrophage interplay, and reveal potential new therapeutic targets for breast cancer treatment.reast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed nonskin type of malignancy, and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women. The 5-y survival rate is 89% in patients who have primary breast cancer, whereas the medium survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer is only 1-2 y (1, 2). Metastasis is the primary cause of breast cancer-related deaths; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are still poorly understood. It has been well established that the tumor microenvironment plays an important role in breast cancer metastasis (3-6). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) make up the largest population of stromal cells that suppress antitumor immunity and foster tumor progression in mouse models of breast cancer (3,(6)(7)(8). TAMs also promote metastasis and correlate with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer (7, 9). Conversely, TAM functions are also tightly regulated by tumor cells (10, 11). However, the mechanisms underlying this reciprocal regulation between cancer cells and macrophages during metastasis remain elusive.Macrophages are heterogeneous immune cells that can exhibit distinct functions and phenotypes depending on different microenvironment signals (9, 12). They can be broadly divided into classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages, the latter of which generally display promalignancy activity (9, 12). In solid tumors, TAMs are usually biased toward M2 (9). Due to hypoxia and glycolytic cancer cell metabolism, the tumor environment is usually acidic, which affects tumor progression by acting on both cancer cells and stromal cells, including macrophages (10,13,14). A recent study shows that cancer cell-derived lactate can educate macrophages to functional TAMs, which, in turn, promotes tumor growth (14). Nonetheless, how lactate activation of TAMs affects cancer metastasis is poorly understood. Importantly, the molecular basis by which macrophages sense and respond t...