Effect of Modified Eucalyptus nitens Lignin on the Morphology and Thermo-mechanical Properties of Recycled Polystyrene

Pérez-Guerrero, Patricio; Lisperguer, Justo; Navarrete, José; Rodrigue, Denis

doi:10.15376/biores.9.4.6514-6526

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This has a direct effect on the behavior of the rubber compound [39]. Thus, the reduction of the Mooney viscosity results in good lignin miscibility, which enhances the efficiency of the processing of rubber compounds [40][41][42]. Therefore, it could increase the chain mobility and improve the flow behavior of rubber compounds.…”

Section: Mooney Viscosity and Payne Effect Of Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxymethylation-Modified Lignin and Its Effectiveness as a Filler in Rubber Composites

et al. 2019

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Kraft lignin was modified by using hydroxymethylation to enhance the compatibility between rubber based on a blend of natural rubber/polybutadiene rubber (NR/BR) and lignin. To confirm this modification, the resultant hydroxymethylated kraft lignin (HMKL) was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. It was then incorporated into rubber composites and compared with unmodified rubber. All rubber composites were investigated in terms of rheology, mechanical properties, aging, thermal properties, and morphology. The results show that the HMKL influenced the mechanical properties (tensile properties, hardness, and compression set) of NR/BR composites compared to unmodified lignin. Further evidence also revealed better dispersion and good interaction between the HMKL and the rubber matrix. Based on its performance in NR/BR composites, hydroxymethylated lignin can be used as a filler in the rubber industry.

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Section: Mooney Viscosity and Payne Effect Of Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxymethylation-Modified Lignin and Its Effectiveness as a Filler in Rubber Composites

et al. 2019

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“…The hydroxyl groups of the lignin were reduced by the maleation and subsequently lead to a decrease in polarity as well as lower molecular interaction through hydrogen bonding. As a result, better dispersion of lignin in the PBS matrix could be attained [32].…”

Section: Surface Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Lignin Modification on Properties of Kenaf Core Fiber Reinforced Poly(Butylene Succinate) Biocomposites

et al. 2019

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In this study, the effects of lignin modification on the properties of kenaf core fiber reinforced poly(butylene succinate) biocomposites were examined. A weight percent gain (WPG) value of 30.21% was recorded after the lignin were modified with maleic anhydride. Lower mechanical properties were observed for lignin composites because of incompatible bonding between the hydrophobic matrix and the hydrophilic lignin. Modified lignin (ML) was found to have a better interfacial bonding, since maleic anhydrides remove most of the hydrophilic hydrogen bonding (this was proven by a Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer—a reduction of broadband near 3400 cm−1, corresponding to the –OH stretching vibration of hydroxyl groups for the ML samples). On the other hand, ML was found to have a slightly lower glass transition temperature, Tg, since reactions with maleic anhydride destroy most of the intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds, resulting in a softer structure at elevated temperatures. The addition of kraft lignin was found to increase the thermal stability of the PBS polymer composites, while modified kraft lignin showed higher thermal stability than pure kraft lignin and possessed delayed onset thermal degradation temperature.

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“…It was reported that thermal stability and flexural modulus of the composite improved when 5% esterified lignin was added to the recycled polystyrene (Pérez-Guerrero et al 2014); similar results have been reported with the addition of unmodified kraft lignin (Schorr et al 2015). However, there are no current studies that have reported on the utilization of rice straw lignin with recycled polypropylene (RPP).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Recycled Polypropylene Composites Reinforced with Rice Straw Lignin

Karina¹,

Syampurwadi²,

Satoto³

et al. 2017

BioResources

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Recycled polypropylene (RPP) and lignin represent by-products produced in enormous amounts worldwide that remain underutilized. This study used rice straw lignin as a filler at various concentrations (0% to 70% w/w) in RPP and virgin polypropylene (PP) composites by melt blending. Structural and morphological alterations of lignin were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Mechanical properties were evaluated using a universal testing machine (UTM). Results revealed that the tensile strength of the composites decreased as the lignin content increased, presumably due to the low of compatibility degree of lignin and MAPP, as well as the crack formation due to the agglomeration of lignin. However, composites with lignin as a filler showed higher moduli and water absorption capacities, as well as thickness swelling; using lignin as a filler caused a drastic reduction of the elongation at break values. The results indicated that the physical and mechanical properties of RPP and its virgin PP composites had no substantial differences. This indicated that virgin PP could be substituted by recycled polypropylene (RPP) for composite applications with the addition of MAPP.

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Effect of Modified Eucalyptus nitens Lignin on the Morphology and Thermo-mechanical Properties of Recycled Polystyrene

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Hydroxymethylation-Modified Lignin and Its Effectiveness as a Filler in Rubber Composites

Hydroxymethylation-Modified Lignin and Its Effectiveness as a Filler in Rubber Composites

Effect of Lignin Modification on Properties of Kenaf Core Fiber Reinforced Poly(Butylene Succinate) Biocomposites

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Recycled Polypropylene Composites Reinforced with Rice Straw Lignin

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