Effect of moisture content on the load carrying capacity and stiffness of corner wood-based and plastic joints

Máchová, Eliška; Langová, Nadežda; Réh, Roman; Joscak, P; Krišťák, Ľuboš; Holouš, Zdeněk; Igaz, Rastislav; Hitka, Miloš

doi:10.15376/biores.14.4.8640-8655

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Both multi-layer panels made of veneer and corrugated cardboard with a thickness of 51 and 21 mm, joined with a dowel ø12 × 50 mm and dowel ø8 × 35 mm, respectively, had sufficient rigidity to be used in furniture construction due to the application of an adhesive. Furthermore, the stiffness coefficients were in the range of other commonly used joints [ 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Structural Application of Lightweight Panels Made of Waste Cardboard and Beech Veneer

et al. 2021

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In recent years, the furniture design trends include ensuring ergonomic standards, development of new environmentally friendly materials, optimised use of natural resources, and sustainably increased conversion of waste into value-added products. The circular economy principles require the reuse, recycling or upcycling of materials. The potential of reusing waste corrugated cardboard to produce new lightweight boards suitable for furniture and interior applications was investigated in this work. Two types of multi-layered panels were manufactured in the laboratory from corrugated cardboard and beech veneer, bonded with urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin. Seven types of end corner joints of the created lightweight furniture panels and three conventional honeycomb panels were tested. Bending moments and stiffness coefficients in the compression test were evaluated. The bending strength values of the joints made of waste cardboard and beech veneer exhibited the required strength for application in furniture constructions or as interior elements. The joints made of multi-layer panels with a thickness of 51 mm, joined by dowels, demonstrated the highest bending strength and stiffness values (33.22 N∙m). The joints made of 21 mm thick multi-layer panels and connected with Confirmat had satisfactory bending strength values (10.53 N∙m) and Minifix had the lowest strength values (6.15 N∙m). The highest stiffness values (327 N∙m/rad) were determined for the 50 mm thick cardboard honeycomb panels connected by plastic corner connector and special screw Varianta, and the lowest values for the joints made of 21 mm thick multi-layer panels connected by Confirmat (40 N∙m/rad) and Minifix (43 N∙m/rad), respectively. The application of waste corrugated cardboard as a structural material for furniture and interiors can be improved by further investigations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Structural Application of Lightweight Panels Made of Waste Cardboard and Beech Veneer

et al. 2021

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“…Another undesirable effect of hygroscopic changes in the MC of wood products, apart from the unfavorable effect on the value of clearance and interference of mating parts, may be the risk of cracking (Kulikov 1952(Kulikov , 1968Kien et al 1979;Porankiewicz 1989;Kruś 1997;Eckelman 1998;Mirzaei et al 2015). The change in MC of wood also has a negative effect on the load-bearing capacity of the connections of wood elements in the product (Máchová et al 2019). The influence of air relative humidity (RH) changes on the dimensions of produced wooden elements was the subject of interest of many researchers (Praast 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective diameters of drilled holes in pinewood in response to changes in relative humidity

Sydor

Majka

Langová

2021

BioRes

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Wood swelling and shrinkage affect the cooperation among the elements of furniture and should be considered during design. This study investigated the influence of moisture changes to the effective diameter of holes drilled in narrow and in wide sides of pine blanks. The moisture content (MC) of all samples has been averaged to 11.3-11.8% (air-conditioning for 4 month with RH = 60 ± 1% and t = 20 ± 1 °C). The 12 mm holes were drilled in radial and tangential directions of the samples. The MC in half of the samples was increased to 17.4-17.9% (air-conditioning for 6 months with RH = 85% and t = 20 ± 1 °C), and the MC in the second half of the samples was decreased to 8.2% (air-conditioning for six months with RH = 35% and t = 20 ± 1 °C). There were nonuniform changes in MC of the samples. Air with RH = 85% increased the MC by 6%, air with RH = 35% decreased the MC by 3%. The effective diameters of the holes were more sensitive to a decrease in air RH than to an increase the air RH. The swelling changes of wood significantly reduced the effective hole diameter, while adsorption shrinkage changes in wood only slightly increased the effective diameters of the holes. The pine blanks swell and shrink asymmetrically, but the changes in the effective diameter of the holes are not correlated with these phenomena. They also have a different form for holes drilled in radial and tangential directions.

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“…Furniture fasteners should contain joints with features that are beneficial to furniture users and manufacturers. A furniture user expects aesthetics values, functionality, and reliability, while a manufacturer expects low cost of manufacture, the versatility of application, load capacity, durability, and easy installation (Eckelman 1978;Bartashevich and Trofimov 2006;Smardzewski 2015;Podskarbi et al 2016;Hitka et al 2018;Langova et al 2019;Máchová et al 2019). The complex load in combination with the specific material properties of wood-based boards results in semi-rigid characteristic of furniture joints in frameless furniture (Joščák 2000;Branowski and Pohl 2004;Joščák and Langová 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design issues of innovative furniture fasteners for wood-based boards

Branowski¹,

Starczewski²,

Zabłocki

et al. 2020

BioRes

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A methodical approach to designing new furniture fasteners for lignocellulosic materials will uncover new sources of innovation. This paper presents an example of such a design procedure and its results. The outcomes are new concepts of mechanical fasteners for wood-based boards used in frameless furniture. At first, the requirements based on the furniture users, furniture manufacturers, and fastener manufacturers viewpoints were identified. These design criteria were analyzed, and as a result, seven ideas of fasteners with innovative features were created. The invented fasteners provided a starting point to generate prototypes. The prototypes were subjected to multi-dimensional methodical developed evaluations. The purpose of this paper is a detailed presentation of the pathway leading to solutions that are potentially beneficial in terms of product performance and of the identified design limitations. Two main conclusions were made. First, all mechanical furniture fasteners always are a combination of two functional subsystems, anchoring and drive. Secondly, there are a limited number of their design solutions. Despite the wide variety of market offerings, only four anchoring methods are used, and only two drive methods are used in all fasteners.

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Effect of moisture content on the load carrying capacity and stiffness of corner wood-based and plastic joints

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Structural Application of Lightweight Panels Made of Waste Cardboard and Beech Veneer

Structural Application of Lightweight Panels Made of Waste Cardboard and Beech Veneer

Effective diameters of drilled holes in pinewood in response to changes in relative humidity

Design issues of innovative furniture fasteners for wood-based boards

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