Effect of monensin on the specific activity of ammonia production by ruminal bacteria and disappearance of amino nitrogen from the rumen

Yang, Chengjian; Russell, James B.

doi:10.1128/aem.59.10.3250-3254.1993

Cited by 50 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Earlier studies suggested that monensin causes a decreased degradation of CP in the rumen through an inhibitory effect on HAP bacteria (Wischer et al, 2013). A decrease in rumen liquid NH 3 -N concentrations and HAP bacteria have been described under the influence of monensin in vitro (Yang and Russell, 1993a;Eschenlauer et al, 2002) as well as in vivo (Yang and Russell, 1993b;Ruiz et al, 2001). In the current study, we did not observe lower NH 3 -N concentrations in the rumen of the monensin-supplemented animals and, to our knowledge, none of the bacteria that were decreased under the influence of monensin have been described as high amino acid fermenters.…”

Section: Effect Of Monensin On Rumen Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of monensin and a blend of essential oils on rumen microbiota composition of transition dairy cows

Schären

Drong

Kiri

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

118

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In response to oral application, monensin alters the rumen microbiota, increasing ruminal propionate production and energy availability in the animal. Data from different studies indicate that the susceptibility of rumen bacteria to monensin is mainly cell-wall dependent but tracing its activity to specific microbial groups has been challenging. Several studies have shown a similar effect for essential oils but results are inconsistent. To investigate the influence of monensin and a blend of essential oils (BEO, containing thymol, guaiacol, eugenol, vanillin, salicylaldehyde, and limonene) on the rumen microbiome, rumen liquid samples were collected orally on d 56 postpartum from cows that had either received a monensin controlled-release capsule 3 wk antepartum, a diet containing a BEO from 3 wk antepartum onward, or a control diet (n = 12). The samples were analyzed for pH, volatile fatty acid, ammonia, and lipopolysaccharide concentrations and protozoal counts. A 16S rRNA gene fingerprinting analysis (PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism) and sequencing revealed that the BEO treatment had no effect on the rumen microbiota, whereas monensin decreased bacterial diversity. Twenty-three bacterial species-level operational taxonomic units were identified for which monensin caused a significant decrease in their relative abundance, all belonging to the phyla Bacteroidetes (uncultured BS11 gut group and BS9 gut group) and Firmicutes (Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae). Ten bacterial operational taxonomic units belonging to the phyla Actinobacteria (Coriobacteriaceae), Bacteroidetes (Prevotella), Cyanobacteria (SHA-109), and Firmicutes (Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae) increased in relative abundance due to the monensin treatment. These results confirm the hypothesis that varying effects depending on cell-wall constitution and thickness might apply for monensin sensitivity rather than a clear-cut difference between gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. No effect of monensin on the archaea population was observed, confirming the assumption that reported inhibition of methanogenesis is most likely caused through a decrease in substrate availability, rather than by a direct effect on the methanogens. The data support the hypothesis that the observed increase in ruminal molar propionate proportions due to monensin may be caused by a decrease in abundance of non-producers and moderate producers of propionate and an increase in abundance of succinate and propionate producers.

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Section: Effect Of Monensin On Rumen Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of monensin and a blend of essential oils on rumen microbiota composition of transition dairy cows

Schären

Drong

Kiri

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Most obligate amino acid-fermenting bacteria are closely related to clostridia, but Attwood et al [37] isolated one strain that was more closely related to Fusobacterium necrophorum. When cattle were fed timothy hay, monensin caused a 40% decrease in ruminal ammonia, and this decrease could be explained by an inhibition of deamination [38]. Cattle not fed monensin had a speci¢c deamination rate of 27 nmol ammonia mg protein 31 min 31 .…”

Section: E¡ect Of Ionophores On Ruminal Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionophore resistance of ruminal bacteria and its potential impact on human health

2003

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In recent years, there has been a debate concerning the causes of antibiotic resistance and the steps that should be taken. Beef cattle in feedlots are routinely fed a class of antibiotics known as ionophores, and these compounds increase feed efficiency by as much as 10%. Some groups have argued that ionophore resistance poses the same public health threat as conventional antibiotics, but humans are not given ionophores to combat bacterial infection. Many ruminal bacteria are ionophore-resistant, but until recently the mechanism of this resistance was not well defined. Ionophores are highly lipophilic polyethers that accumulate in cell membranes and catalyze rapid ion movement. When sensitive bacteria counteract futile ion flux with membrane ATPases and transporters, they are eventually de-energized. Aerobic bacteria and mammalian enzymes can degrade ionophores, but these pathways are oxygen-dependent and not functional in anaerobic environments like the rumen or lower GI tract. Gram-positive ruminal bacteria are in many cases more sensitive to ionophores than Gram-negative species, but this model of resistance is not always clear-cut. Some Gram-negative ruminal bacteria are initially ionophore-sensitive, and even Gram-positive bacteria can adapt. Ionophore resistance appears to be mediated by extracellular polysaccharides (glycocalyx) that exclude ionophores from the cell membrane. Because cattle not receiving ionophores have large populations of resistant bacteria, it appears that this trait is due to a physiological selection rather than a mutation per se. Genes responsible for ionophore resistance in ruminal bacteria have not been identified, but there is little evidence that ionophore resistance can be spread from one bacterium to another. Given these observations, use of ionophores in animal feed is not likely to have a significant impact on the transfer of antibiotic resistance from animals to man.

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“…Ruminal fluid ammonia-N concentration (Table 1) was lower (P<0.05) for goats infused hainanmycin than infused the solution of ethanol and water. Decreased ruminal ammonia N concentrations (Dinius et al, 1976;Yang and Russell, 1993) could denote suppressed microbial degradation of protein and/or amino acids. This may be due to the ionophore inhibiting the growth of proteolytic ruminal bacteria (Nowbold et al, 1988;Lana and Russell, 1997).…”

Section: Volatile Fatty Acid Ammonia-n and Microbial Protein-n In Rumentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of novel polyether ionophore hainanmycin on nutrient digestion, metabolism and ruminal characteristics of goats

Mingqiang¹,

Shen²,

Zhao³

et al. 1998

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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Five castrated male goats (average BW 21.3 kg) with cannulae in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used to study the influence of intraruminal infusion of the polyether ionophore, hainanmycin (0.05 mg kg -1 BW day 1 ), on rumen characteristics and total tract digestion. Infused hainanmycin did not affect total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in the rumen, but increased (P<0.05) the molar proportions of propionate from 21.8 to 26.3% and decreased (P<0.05) that of acetate from 72.8 to 68.8%. The ratio of acetate to propionate significantly declined (P<0.01) in the experimental period. Ruminal and duodenal chyme ammonia N (NH 3 -N) levels were reduced (P<0.05) 39.5 and 16.0%, respectively, and the chyme urea-N concentration was reduced (P<0.05) 56.8%o compared to the control. Infusion of hainanmycin had no effect (P>0.05) on apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) or acid detergent fibre (ADF) in comparison with the control, but apparent nitrogen (N) digestibility was markedly increased (PO.05) from 46.1 to 56.4% in the hainanmycin infused period.

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Effect of monensin on the specific activity of ammonia production by ruminal bacteria and disappearance of amino nitrogen from the rumen

Cited by 50 publications

References 36 publications

Differential effects of monensin and a blend of essential oils on rumen microbiota composition of transition dairy cows

Differential effects of monensin and a blend of essential oils on rumen microbiota composition of transition dairy cows

Ionophore resistance of ruminal bacteria and its potential impact on human health

Effects of novel polyether ionophore hainanmycin on nutrient digestion, metabolism and ruminal characteristics of goats

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