Effect of N fertilizer top-dressing at various reproductive stages on growth, N2 fixation and yield of three soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) genotypes

Gan, Yinbo; Stulen, I.; Keulen, H. van; Kuiper, P. J. C.

doi:10.1016/s0378-4290(02)00171-5

Cited by 68 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In contrast to the recommended application rate of *50 kg N ha -1 (i.e., International Plant Nutrition Institute 2014) and earlier occasional reports of a yield response to N fertilizer application (e.g., Gan et al 2003;Heatherly and Elmore, 2004;Salvagiotti et al 2008), we found no yield response to N fertilizer in either rainfed or irrigated treatments (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Effect Of N Fertilization On Bnf In Soybeanscontrasting

confidence: 99%

A reassessment of the contribution of soybean biological nitrogen fixation to reactive N in the environment

Gelfand

Robertson

2014

Biogeochemistry

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The expansion of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) acreage, increasing yields, and recent nitrogen (N) fertilization recommendations could have a major effect on the contribution of biological N fixation (BNF) in soybeans to reactive nitrogen (N r ) in the environment. We used 15 N natural abundance to separate fixed N into grain, aboveground vegetative biomass, and roots along a 9-point N-fertilizer gradient to ask: 1) is the belowground BNF contribution sufficiently different from aboveground to affect regional estimates of soybean N r production based on harvested biomass, and 2) how does N fertilizer affect soybean yield and BNF's contribution to different tissues? The contribution of root and vegetative biomass to overall plant BNF was five times lower than that for grain. Including this difference in BNF extrapolations translates to 3.5 ± 0.5 Tg N r yr -1 for total US soybean production, *37 % lower than earlier estimates that did not differentiate tissue source. Production of N r ranged between 35 ± 11 and 73 ± 5 g Nr kg -1 grain and was affected by both fertilization and irrigation. In all cases N credits to the next rotational crop were minor. N-fertilization at even very low levels (17-50 kg N ha -1 ) did not affect yield, but grain N content increased with fertilizer level. The percent BNF contributed to plant N decreased linearly with increasing fertilization, in grain from 49 ± 8 % in unfertilized plots to a plateau of 16 ± 6 % at fertilization C85 kg N ha -1 ; in aboveground vegetative biomass from 77 ± 4 % to a plateau of 11 ± 11 % at 146 kg N ha -1 ; and in roots from 88 ± 12 % to a plateau of 41 ± 6 % at 146 kg N ha -1 . The average whole-plant BNF contribution decreased from *84 % in unfertilized plots to a plateau of *34 % at fertilization rates greater than 84 kg ha -1 . Results underscore the unnecessary expense and environmental burden of adding N fertilizer to modern soybean varieties, and provide a refined lower estimate for the contribution of soybean N fixation to the US and global N r budgets of 3.5 and 10.4 Tg Nr yr -1 , respectively.

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Section: Effect Of N Fertilization On Bnf In Soybeanscontrasting

confidence: 99%

A reassessment of the contribution of soybean biological nitrogen fixation to reactive N in the environment

Gelfand

Robertson

2014

Biogeochemistry

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“…Also, no benefits from residual N fertilizers were observed in the winter crop following the soybean. This is in contrast with results from northern and central China, the center of origin of soybean, where BNF alone cannot meet the N requirement for maximum yield, and the addition of 50 kg ha -1 at V2 (the unifoliolate node and the first two trifoliate leaf nodes with unfolded leaflets), and especially at R1 stage result in higher yields (Gan et al 2002(Gan et al , 2003. In addition, these yields are lower than those observed in South America.…”

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confidence: 74%

Nitrogen nutrition of soybean in Brazil: Contributions of biological N₂ fixation and N fertilizer to grain yield

Hungría¹,

Franchini²,

Campo³

et al. 2006

Can. J. Plant Sci.

231

148

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Nitrogen nutrition of soybean in Brazil: Contributions of biological N 2 fixation and N fertilizer to grain yield. Can. J. Plant Sci. 86: 927-939. There has recently been concern in Brazil whether biological N 2 fixation (BNF) is capable of meeting the increased N needs of newly released more productive cultivars, as well as doubts about the advantages of annual reinoculation of seeds. Forty experiments were performed over 3 yr in oxisols containing at least 10 3 cells of Bradyrhizobium g -1 in the State of Paraná, southern Brazil to estimate the contributions of BNF and of N fertilizer. The experiments were performed at two sites, Londrina and Ponta Grossa, under conventional (CT) or no-tillage (NT) systems, with two cultivars or BRS 134 (medium-maturity group)]. Treatments included non-inoculated controls without or with 200 kg of N ha -1 , and inoculation without or with N fertilizer applied at sowing (30 kg of N ha -1 ), or at the R2 or R4 stage (50 kg of N ha -1 ). Compared with the non-inoculated control, reinoculation significantly increased the contribution of BNF estimated by the N-ureide technique (on average from 79 to 84%), grain yield (on average 127 kg ha -1 , or 4.7%) and total N in grains (on average 6.6%). The application of 200 kg of N fertilizer ha -1 drastically decreased nodulation and the contribution of BNF (to 44%), with no further gains in yield. Application of starter N at sowing decreased nodulation and the contribution of BNF slightly and did not increase yields, while N fertilizer at R2 and R4 stages decreased the contribution of BNF (to 77%) and also yields. Estimates of volatilization of ammonia ranged from 15 to 25% of the N fertilizer applied, and no residual benefits of the N fertilizer in the winter crop were observed. The results highlight the economical and environmental benefits resulting from replacing N fertilizer with inoculation in Brazil, and reinforce the benefits of reinoculation, even in soils with high populations of Bradyrhizobium. Les expériences ont été réalisées dans deux localités, Londrina et Ponta Grossa, sous une régie des sols conventionnelle ou sans labour, avec les cultivars Embrapa 48 (précoce) ou BRS 134 (intermédiaire). Les traitements ont inclus des témoins non inoculés avec ou sans 200 kg N ha -1 , et des traitements inoculés avec ou sans fertilisant azoté appliqué au semis (30 kg N ha -1 ) ou aux stades R2 ou R4 (50 kg N ha -1 ). En présence d'une population établie de Bradyrhizobium, des augmentations significatives ont été observées dans la contribution de la FBN (de 79 à 84% en moyenne), dans le rendement (de 127 kg ha -1 , ou 4,7%, en moyenne) et dans l'azote des grains (6,6% en moyenne) pour la réinoculation. L´application de 200 kg de fertilisant azoté ha -1 a diminué considérablement la nodulation et la contribution de la FBN (à 44%), sans permettre d'augmentation du rendement. L'application de N au semis a diminué légèrement la nodulation et la contribution de la FBN, sans conduire à des rendements plus élevés, tandis que la fertilisation a...

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“…Effects of nutrients and nutrient ratios on many food and medicinal crop plants, such as soya bean, thyme, wheat cultivars, barley, spinach and pelargoniums, have been studied. In most cases, a positive result in growth is noticed with the addition of some macro-nutrients such as N, P, K, Mg or Ca [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. It is therefore crucial that adequate plant nutrition and soil pH levels are met for any given plant so that the cell's functioning is not impeded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pH and Phosphorus Concentrations on the Chlorophyll Responses of Salvia chamelaeagnea (Lamiaceae) Grown in Hydroponics

Lefever¹,

Laubscher²,

Ndakidemi³

et al. 2017

Chlorophyll

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Salvia chamelaeagnea (Lamiaceae) is a slow growing water-wise evergreen shrub originating from the western province of South Africa. It is an attractive landscape, and S. chamelaeagnea is a medicinal plant. It is important to develop enhanced cultivation protocols that could result in high yield and high-quality medicinal materials. Chlorophyll is a fundamental part of the light-dependent reactions of the photosynthesis process. This chapter investigates the effects of four phosphorus concentrations and three pH levels of supplied irrigated water on the production of chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, total chlorophyll, leaf colour and the nutrient uptake of S. chamelaeagnea grown in hydroponics over an 8-week period at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. The treatments of pH 4, pH 6 and pH 8 at 31, 90, 150 and 210 ppm of phosphorus were received by 12 groups of plants and were replicated 10 times. The results indicated that at pH 4, P fertilization significantly (P < 0.05) induced a higher chlorophyll production of S. chamelaeagnea grown in hydroponics compared to other pH treatments (pH 8 and pH 6).

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Effect of N fertilizer top-dressing at various reproductive stages on growth, N2 fixation and yield of three soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) genotypes

Cited by 68 publications

References 25 publications

A reassessment of the contribution of soybean biological nitrogen fixation to reactive N in the environment

A reassessment of the contribution of soybean biological nitrogen fixation to reactive N in the environment

Nitrogen nutrition of soybean in Brazil: Contributions of biological N₂ fixation and N fertilizer to grain yield

Effects of pH and Phosphorus Concentrations on the Chlorophyll Responses of Salvia chamelaeagnea (Lamiaceae) Grown in Hydroponics

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Effect of N fertilizer top-dressing at various reproductive stages on growth, N2 fixation and yield of three soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) genotypes

Cited by 68 publications

References 25 publications

A reassessment of the contribution of soybean biological nitrogen fixation to reactive N in the environment

A reassessment of the contribution of soybean biological nitrogen fixation to reactive N in the environment

Nitrogen nutrition of soybean in Brazil: Contributions of biological N2 fixation and N fertilizer to grain yield

Effects of pH and Phosphorus Concentrations on the Chlorophyll Responses of Salvia chamelaeagnea (Lamiaceae) Grown in Hydroponics

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Nitrogen nutrition of soybean in Brazil: Contributions of biological N₂ fixation and N fertilizer to grain yield