Effect of nano-chitosan encapsulated spermine on growth, productivity and bioactive compounds of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under salinity stress

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effects of chitosan nanoparticles (C-NPs), spermine (Spm) as well as chitosan nanoparticles encapsulated spermine (C-Spm NPs) on growth, yield, chlorophyll, bioactive compounds, and capsaicinoids in chili pepper cv. Omiga F1 under saline stress conditions in Ras Sudr region, Egypt, in years 2020-2021. Data indicated that the exogenous application of C-NPs, Spm, and C-Spm NPs alleviated the adverse effect of salinity on chili pepper plants and enhanced growth, yield, chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzymes activity superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). The maximum values of these parameters were recorded when plants treated with C-Spm NPs at 1.5 mM. For GC/MS analysis, data revealed the presence of 22 active compounds whereas, the maximum area percent were, 1-Tetradecanol(CAS), Phenol,2,4-bis(1,1dimethylethyl), 1-Heptadecene(CAS), 3-Eicosene,(E), (cis)2-nonadecene, and 5-Eicosene,(E). Regarding the capsaicinoids found in chili pepper, the main compounds identified among the capsaicinoids were capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin. The maximum amount of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin were recorded when plants treated with C-Spm NPs at 0.5 mM. For the general taste of chili pepper, the Scoville heat unit (SHU) was calculated. Data indicated that plants treated with C-Spm NPs at 0.5 mM gave quite a high SHU related to higher contents of the capsaicinoids.

Enhancing the biochemical constituents in avocado callus using encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles

“…The image also showed small aggregations resemble nuclei that attract some particles around it; that is may be due to the presence of SA molecules. The obtained results of TEM measurement are in agreement with previous reported articles [39,40] that give spherical shape NPs but with larger particles size due to the different in preparation condition as concentration of materials.…”

Chitosan and Chitosan Nanoparticles Differentially Alleviate Salinity Stress in Phaseolus vulgaris L. Plants

“…Increased nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium uptake and improved nitrogen transport to leaves may be responsible for the correlation between chitosan concentration and leaf chlorophyll content increase, as recorded in tomatoes [4,55]. Salt's damaging effects on chilli pepper plants' photosynthetic pigments are lessened by CsNPs [52]. By scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), protecting chlorophyll content and photosynthesis parameters, and improving photosystem functioning, foliar application of polyamines under salinity conditions may mitigate the deleterious effect of salinity on chlorophyll content in Bakraii citrus [56].…”

“…This action of chitosan nanoparticles is made more likely by the aforementioned reasons [32]. Positive effects of CsNPs on plant growth parameters, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant enzyme activities may have increased chilli pepper yield in terms of fruit number per plant, average fresh weight of fruit, fruit weight, and total yield [52]. There is little information with regard to the application of Cs or CsNPs before imposing salinity stress on common bean plants.…”

Nigella sativa-chitosan nanoparticles: Novel intestinal mucosal immunomodulator controls and protects against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis infection in broilers

“…A transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM, JEOL-JEM-2100) was used to determine the synthesized nanoparticles' size and shape [ 30 ]. Before examination, the CNP-NS nanoparticles suspension was sonicated for about an hour in a sonication water bath.…”