Effect of Nanoencapsulated Vitamin B1 Derivative on Inhibition of Both Mycelial Growth and Spore Germination of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani

Abstract

Nanoencapsulation of thiamine dilauryl sulfate (TDS), a vitamin B1 derivative, was proved to effectively inhibit the spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani (F. oxysporum), as well as mycelial growth. The average diameter of nanoparticles was measured as 136 nm by being encapsulated with an edible encapsulant, lecithin, whose encapsulation efficiency was about 55% in containing 200 ppm of TDS concentration: the 100 ppm TDS nanoparticle solution showed a mycelial growth inhibition rate of 59%. These results were about similar or even better than the cases of treating 100 ppm of dazomet, a positive antifungal control (64%). Moreover, kinetic analysis of inhibiting spore germination were estimated as 6.6% reduction of spore germination rates after 24 h treatment, which were 3.3% similar to the case of treating 100 ppm of a positive control (dazomet) for the same treatment time. It was also found that TDS itself could work as an antifungal agent by inhibiting both mycelial growth and spore germination, even though its efficacy was lower than those of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles especially played a more efficient role in limiting the spore germination, due to their easy penetration into hard cell membranes and long resident time on the surface of the spore shell walls. In this work, it was first demonstrated that the nanoparticle of TDS not a harmful chemical can control the growth of F. oxysporum by using a lower dosage than commercial herbicides, as well as the inhibiting mechanism of the TDS. However, field trials of the TDS nanoparticles encapsulated with lecithin should be further studied to be effectively used for field applications.

Biosynthesis of nanosilver using Chaetomium globosum and its application to control Fusarium wilt of tomato in the greenhouse

“…Similar results of in vitro inhibition of Bipolaris sorokiniana by AgNPs were obtained by Mishra et al [38]. This observed in vitro antifungal potential of AgNPs against F. oxysporum recorded in previous techniques could be attributed to the high surface area and low volume of these particles which were enough to penetrate into the fungal cell membrane and affect the cytosol [39]. In addition, AgNPs may disrupt the transport systems including ion efflux which interrupt with cellular processes such as metabolism and respiration [40], produce reactive oxygen species which cause damage to proteins, lipids and nucleic acids within the cell [41].…”

Antagonistic effects of Talaromyces muroii TM28 against Fusarium crown rot of wheat caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum

“…Both T. muroii TM28 and Fp were cultivated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium (200 g L −1 potato, 20 g L −1 glucose, 15 g L −1 agar, 1,000 mL H 2 O) at 28°C. Conidia suspensions of Fp were obtained from fermentation medium (maize powder 20 g L −1 , soybean powder, 10 g L −1 , K 2 HPO 4 5 g L −1 , KH 2 PO 4 2 g L −1 , glucose 5 g L −1 ) and cultured at 28°C with shaking at 180 rpm for 7 days to produce large number of spores ( Cho et al, 2013 ). The sterile fermentation filtrate of TM28 was obtained from potato dextrose broth (PDB) cultured at 28°C with shaking at 180 rpm for 20 days to produce a mess of metabolite, and centrifuged at 8,000 rpm for 10 min.…”

The Potential of Peroxidases Extracted from the Spent Mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) Substrate Significantly Degrade Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol

“…The methods to determine antifungal activities of MnP and LiP were according to Cho et al [ 51 ] In the control treatment, a 0.5 cm colony of F. graminearum KR1 was cultivated in PDA at 25 °C in the dark for 7 days. In the treatment groups, the PDA was autoclaved (121 °C, 15 min) and cooled to approximately 50 °C.…”