Effect of nanoporous In2O3 film fabricated on TiO2-In2O3 photoanode for photovoltaic performance via a sparking method

Engineering Interface Defects and Interdiffusion at the Degenerate Conductive In2O3/Al2O3 Interface for Stable Electrodes in a Saline Solution

“…The In 3d peak shifted toward lower energies with increasing annealing temperature, while the O 1s and Al 2p peaks remained at 539.9 and 74.2 eV, respectively. 60,61 This indicated that the change in the In binding state played a dominant role compared to the change in the oxygen and Al binding states. Based on the fitting results of the In 3d peak, in which the binding state of In 3+ was converted to In other , we speculated that the interdiffusion of In at the interface was the main behavior and led to a decrease in conductance, as shown in the schematic of Figure 3e.…”