Effect of National-Scale Afforestation on Forest Water Supply and Soil Loss in South Korea, 1971–2010

Kim, Gang Sun; Lim, Chul-Hee; Kim, Sea Jin; Lee, Jongyeol; Son, Yohwan; Lee, Woo‐Kyun

doi:10.3390/su9061017

Cited by 51 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…For points for which there were no records, the parameters were determined using the Kriging and inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation methodologies for 1 km 2 spatial resolution. The Kriging method was used to interpolate the maximum and minimum temperature, and the IDW method was applied to solar radiation, precipitation, relative humidity, and wind speed [42][43][44].…”

Section: Climate and Other Input Data And Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Agricultural Drought Considering the Hydrological Cycle and Crop Phenology in the Korean Peninsula

Lim

Kim

Chun

et al. 2019

Water

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Hydrological changes attributable to global warming increase the severity and frequency of droughts, which in turn affect agriculture. Hence, we proposed the Standardized Agricultural Drought Index (SADI), which is a new drought index specialized for agriculture and crops, and evaluated current and expected droughts in the Korean Peninsula. The SADI applies crop phenology to the hydrological cycle, which is a basic element that assesses drought. The SADI of rice and maize was calculated using representative hydrological variables (precipitation, evapotranspiration, and runoff) of the crop growing season. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of SADI, the three-month Standardized Precipitation Index, which is a representative drought index, and rainfed crop yield were estimated together. The performance evaluation of SADI showed that the correlation between rainfed crop yield and SADI was very high compared with that of existing drought index. The results of the assessment of drought over the past three decades provided a good indication of a major drought period and differentiated the results for crops and regions. The results of two future scenarios showed common drought risks in the western plains of North Korea. Successfully validated SADIs could be effectively applied to agricultural drought assessments in light of future climate change, and would be a good example of the water-food nexus approach.

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Section: Climate and Other Input Data And Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Agricultural Drought Considering the Hydrological Cycle and Crop Phenology in the Korean Peninsula

Lim

Kim

Chun

et al. 2019

Water

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“…When evapotranspiration increases, however, vegetation is forced to subsist on groundwater extraction, which causes the depletion of near surface water and the decrease of groundwater level, thus resulting the water shortage of local vegetation 25 . In addition, the increasing population and the rapidly developing economy in the South Western area of the study region have increased overall water consumption levels, resulting in the further depletion of water resources and the expansion of water resources gaps 26 . This situation may lead to risks in competition for water resources in the future, such as between Yunnan and Guizhou provinces and between Sichuan Province and the municipality of Chongqing 27 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Risks Arising from the Impact of Large-scale Afforestation on the Regional Water Supply Balance in Southwest China

Xiao

Sun

2020

Sci Rep

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Ecological degradation impedes sustainable development in Southwest China, and artificial afforestation has been a key strategy of the Government of China to effectively curb it. However, the water consumed by large-scale afforestation has a huge impact on water supply in Southwest China, which also arise a new challenge causing severe drought here recently. In order to determine the impact of artificial afforestation on the region, this study conducts spatiotemporal, abrupt change, and correlation and regression analyses. Results show that although water resources fluctuate, they exhibit a general declining trend. Especially after 2000, water resources showed a significant downward trend. In terms of spatial tendency, there has been an obvious decrease in water resources in the Sichuan Basin, the mountainous region of eastern Chongqing, and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Due to extensive afforestation and vegetation cover growth, there has been an increase in most trends of forest-shrub ecosystems, resulting in substantially enhanced evapotranspiration effects. The uptake of water by afforestation in Southwest China could reach 40.42 billion m 3 , which is equivalent to 10.69% of its annul available water supply (1980-2015). Generally, afforestation disrupts the water balance of the region. This study recommends substituting afforestation for natural restoration or, at the very least, selecting vegetation that requires less water for the restoration of the ecological environment of Southwest China, which provide scientific method for regional sustainable development. The IPCC Fifth Assessment Report on climate change stated that global surface temperatures rose by 0.85 °C from 1880 to 2012 (from 0.65 °C to 1.06 °C, respectively). Global warming leads to frequent extreme weather and climate events and impacts both the water supply and the ecological environments of numerous countries 1,2. Severe droughts are caused by a decrease in precipitation, which leads to shortages in water supplies, and such droughts are harmful to life, production, and ecology. Moreover, events such as these have dual attributes, that is, natural attributes and social attributes. This is an important factor which restricts the sustainable development of societies 3. Since the twenty-first century, drought events in Southwest China have moved into a period of "high incidence". With increases in interannual and annual variation in rainfall in Southwest China, the frequency of droughts have increased, and years of serious and catastrophic drought events in different regions and during different seasons have subsequently increased 4. Thus, strengthening research on drought characteristics and causes in Southwest China as well as the level of response, providing a scientific basis for decisions on disaster prevention and mitigation, have important practical implications 5,6. Since 2010, there have been many serious drought events reported in Southwest China, including Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan provinces and the municipality of Chongqing, which...

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“…Therefore, anti-erosion actions should be planned for in the future and their cost implemented in the perspective management plans. In a mountainous catchment, afforestation is considered as one of the most effective techniques preventing erosion (Buendia et al 2016;Kim et al 2017). Currently, a policy promoting afforestation is pursued both in Poland and throughout the EU.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment load variability in response to climate and land use changes in a Carpathian catchment (Raba River, Poland)

2020

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Purpose This study analyzes the variability of sediment loads under variant climate change and land use scenarios in a Carpathian catchment with a dam reservoir. The areas with the highest share of sediment loads are tracked to establish possible indications for future catchment management plans. Materials and methods Analyses were performed for the Raba River catchment (Poland, Carpathian Mountains) with use of the Macromodel DNS/SWAT. The RCP 4.5 climate forecast predictions (2021-2050 and 2071-2100), downscaled for the area of Poland, and land use predictions from the DYNA-Clue model for the Carpathian area, were taken into consideration. A total of seven scenarios were created, accounting for precipitation (P1 and P2), temperature (T1 and T2), land use (LU) changes, and combined effects (COMB1 and COMB2).Results and discussion The average load delivered to the dam reservoir was estimated as 2.43 Gg y −1 , and its seasonal/yearly variability was followed by local meteorological phenomena. Among the tested factors, precipitation change, in terms of total amount and intensity, exerted the most impact on sediment loads causing their increase. Temperature and land use changes resulted in a slight decrease. Combined scenarios implied that changes of the catchment area use, such as increase of forest cover, can noticeably reduce sediment loads delivered into a dam reservoir. Conclusions The performed simulations revealed the importance of incorporating variant scenarios for catchment management plans, development of land use mitigation measures (erosion), and operational procedures for the dam reservoir. Particular attention should be paid to warmer winters with heavy rainfalls and temperatures above zero, which together with a lack of plant vegetation result in elevated annual sediment loads reaching the dam reservoir. Further changes must be mitigated by anti-erosion investments.

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Effect of National-Scale Afforestation on Forest Water Supply and Soil Loss in South Korea, 1971–2010

Cited by 51 publications

References 42 publications

Assessment of Agricultural Drought Considering the Hydrological Cycle and Crop Phenology in the Korean Peninsula

Assessment of Agricultural Drought Considering the Hydrological Cycle and Crop Phenology in the Korean Peninsula

Ecological Risks Arising from the Impact of Large-scale Afforestation on the Regional Water Supply Balance in Southwest China

Sediment load variability in response to climate and land use changes in a Carpathian catchment (Raba River, Poland)

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