Effect of nematode burden as assessed by means of faecal egg counts on body condition in goats farmed under resource-poor conditions in South Africa

Vatta, A.F.; Krecek, R.C.; Letty, Brigid; Linde, Michael J. Van der; Motswatswe, P.W.; Hansen, Julie Elvekjær

doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(02)00198-x

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Only half of the events treated with AH were detected from animals with poor BCS. It is evident that, under the conditions of the present study, the BCS could not be used as the sole indicator of parasitic problems as it is strongly associated with the balance between nutrition, production level and many disease conditions (Van Wyk and Bath, 2002) and parasitic infections seem to be a minor factor influencing BCS (Honhold et al, 1993;Vatta et al, 2002b;Burke et al, 2007). It is desirable to find an adequate cut-off point for the BCS that allow reducing the number of animals sampled per month.…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…For nearly a decade, only FAMACHA© score and body condition score (BCS) have been regarded as being of practical value or having potential for repeatedly examining herds and identifying individuals for AH treatment (Van Wyk and Bath, 2002). However, both methodologies have limitations when applied to adult goats even under conditions where Haemonchus contortus is abundant: (i) the sensitivity of FAMACHA© scores 4, 5 to detect anemia in goats is low (23-31%; Vatta et al, 2002a), (ii) anemia can be caused by many factors (Van Wyk and Bath, 2002), (iii) BCS is also influenced by several management and health aspects other than GIN infections (Vatta et al, 2002b). It has been suggested that the combination of FAMACHA© and BCS, which can be applied simultaneously to a given flock, may achieve the full potential of clinical evaluation for haematophagous and non-haematophagous GIN infections (Van Wyk and Bath, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Building a combined targeted selective treatment scheme against gastrointestinal nematodes in tropical goats

Torres-Acosta

Pérez-Cruz

Canul-Ku

et al. 2014

Small Ruminant Research

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The design and validation of a combined targeted selective treatment (C-TST) scheme to control gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) of goats under tropical conditions is described. A survey performed on 1585 goats (older than 4 months) from 103 smallholder subsistence farms from tropical México (Yucatán), showed the classical over-dispersion distribution of the GIN fecal egg excretions (FEC) indicating that most goats had a low excretion of eggs and only a few had high FEC. A second stage of the survey (20 farms) tested the association between FAMACHA© and packed cell volume (PCV) (n = 638) as well as FAMACHA© and FEC (n = 627). The survey showed that FAMACHA© was a good tool to identify anemic animals but no association was found with their FEC. As a result, we proposed to combine FAMACHA© with body condition score (BCS) to identify adult animals at risk of high GIN infections. The FEC was used to identify goats needing anthelmintic (AH) treatment. The C-TST scheme was surveyed in a goat farm (mean 138 adult goats/year) in Yucatán for 6 years (8292 events recorded). In that period, the mean number of goats left without AH treatment was 57.4%. Meanwhile, nearly 30% of the goats needed only one treatment per year. Less than 15% of the goats required 2 or more treatments per year. Besides, the AH doses were distributed amongst small number of animals every month throughout the year. Thus, under the browsing conditions of Yucatán, México, the combination of BCS and FAMACHA© can be used as a screening procedure to identify animals at risk of severe GIN infections and the FEC help to reduce the number of goats treated per year with no apparent negative consequences on the goats.

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Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building a combined targeted selective treatment scheme against gastrointestinal nematodes in tropical goats

Torres-Acosta

Pérez-Cruz

Canul-Ku

et al. 2014

Small Ruminant Research

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“…Body et al 2011 in roe deer Capreolus capreolus ; Irvine et al 2006 in red deer Cervus elaphus ; Stien et al 2002 in reindeer Rangifer tarandus ; Rubenstein and Hohmann, 1989 in horses; Schulte-Hostedde and Elsasser, 2011 in American mink Neovison vison ), the absence of relationship also appears to be common (e.g. Pilar Valdez-Cruz et al 2013 in equids; Vatta et al 2002 in goats, Scantlebury et al . 2010 in grey squirrel Sciuris carolinensis ; Moretti et al 2014 in toads Rhinella icterica ; Davidson et al 2015 in moose Alces alces ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative covariance between parasite load and body condition in a population of feral horses

et al. 2016

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In wild and domestic animals, gastrointestinal parasites can have significant impacts on host development, condition, health, reproduction and longevity. Improving our understanding of the causes and consequences of individual-level variation in parasite load is therefore of prime interest. Here we investigated the relationship between strongyle fecal egg count (FEC) and body condition in a unique, naturalized population of horses that has never been exposed to anthelmintic drugs (Sable Island, Nova Scotia, Canada). We first quantified variation in FEC and condition for 447 individuals according to intrinsic (sex, age, reproductive status, social status) and extrinsic (group size, location, local density) variables. We then quantified the repeatability of measurements obtained over a field season and tested for covariance between FEC and condition. FECs were high relative to other horse populations (mean eggs per gram ± SD = 1543·28 ± 209·94). FECs generally decreased with age, were higher in lactating vs non-lactating females, and unexpectedly lower in males in some part of the island. FECs and condition were both spatially structured, with patterns depending on age, sex and reproductive status. FECs and condition were both repeatable. Most notably, FECs and condition were negatively correlated, especially in adult females.

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“…The currently available synthetic drugs have been widely used against gastrointestinal nematodes for many years. However, because of repeated use and incorrect dosage rate, gastrointestinal nematodes have developed a degree of resistance against synthetic available drugs (Ahmed 2010;Vattaa et al 2001) coupled with problem of chemical residue in animal products (Falowo & Akimoladun 2019;Federal Ministries of Agriculture, Environment and Health [FMAEH] 2017). The residual chemicals may produce conditions such as vomiting, nausea, dizziness and gastrointestinal irritation in humans consuming meat (Gogoi et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnoveterinary survey of plants used for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep at three agro-ecological zones in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

Mthi¹,

Rust²,

Tokozwayo³

et al. 2021

Journal of Medicinal Plants for Economic Development

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Background: With exception of the desert biome, all of South Africa’s biomes occur in the Eastern Cape. The province is known to have high numbers of livestock that are mostly found in communal farming areas. Multi-drug resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes against major classes of conventional anthelmintics and the high cost of synthetic drugs calls for an urgent search for different control strategies of nematodes.Aim: A survey was conducted to identify and document plant species used to control gastrointestinal nematodes of livestock in Ciko, Goso and Upper Ngqumeya communities in the Eastern Cape Province.Setting: The study included filed observations and transect walks, as well as a standardized questionnaire given to 48 sheep farmers.Methodology: Forty-eight livestock farmers including men and women of mixed ages were interviewed. The information was obtained through the use of a structured questionnaire, field observations and transect walks. Data generated were analysed using descriptive statistics with frequency of citation (FC) and relative frequency of citation (RFC) as quantitative.Results: A total of 11 plant species from different genera were reportedly available and used to control gastrointestinal nematodes. Aloe ferox (0.67) and Zanthoxylum capense (0.44) had the highest values of RFC followed by Strychnos henningsii (0.23) and Elaphantorhhiza elephantine (0.21) and were widely known by the people of the study areas. The three most frequently used plant parts were leaves, roots and bark accounting for about 36.4%, 27.3% and 27.3%, respectively. The ethnoveterinary medicines were prepared in the form of decoctions and infusions. Oral administration of the concoctions was the only route of administration. The major constraints of sheep production as perceived by the farmers were prevalence of internal (36%) and external parasites (18.1%). All medicinal plants used were native and collected from the wild. The most dominant life forms were trees (45.4%), followed by herbs (36.4%) and shrubs (18.2%). Homestead expansion was ranked as the major threat (26%) to medicinal plants followed by firewood (21%). In-situ (protection through rangers) was the most frequently mentioned (67%) conservation practice used by farmers to protect the loss of medicinal plants followed by ex-situ (33%).Conclusion: In the light of data gathered on the surveyed plants, it appeared the plants play a role in the healthcare of sheep in rural communities. Further studies are required to analyse the plants for their chemical composition and biological properties.

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Effect of nematode burden as assessed by means of faecal egg counts on body condition in goats farmed under resource-poor conditions in South Africa

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Building a combined targeted selective treatment scheme against gastrointestinal nematodes in tropical goats

Building a combined targeted selective treatment scheme against gastrointestinal nematodes in tropical goats

Negative covariance between parasite load and body condition in a population of feral horses

Ethnoveterinary survey of plants used for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep at three agro-ecological zones in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

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