Effect of Neomycin, Carbadox and Length of Adaptation to Calorimeter on Performance, Fasting Metabolism and Gastrointestinal Tract of Young Pigs1

Abstract

Five sets of littermate gilts (8.2 +/- .19 kg average initial weight) were randomly assigned within litter to a 16% protein corn-soybean meal basal diet (B), B + .308% neomycin, or B + 55 ppm carbadox. Each set was equally-fed individually once daily for 16 d in metabolism cages and 5 d in calorimeters. The average daily feed intake for 21 d was 276 g. Oxygen consumption and CO2 production were measured during an 8- to 24-h postprandial period on d 16, 19, 20 and 21, and during a 32- to 48-h postprandial period after the d 21 feeding. Pigs were killed 50 h postprandially for gastrointestinal tract measurements. Dietary supplementation of antimicrobial agents (neomycin and carbadox) resulted in improvements (P less than .01) in daily gain and efficiency of feed utilization and lower (P less than .05) small intestinal mass in pigs. There was no difference (P greater than .05) in daily gain, feed efficiency or small intestinal mass between pigs fed neomycin- or carbadox-supplemented diets. Whole-animal fasting O2 consumption and CO2 production measured during the 8- to 24-h or 32- to 48-h postprandial period were not affected (P greater than .05) by the supplementation or the source of dietary antimicrobial agents. There were no differences (P greater than .05) in 8- to 24-h fasting O2 and CO2 measurements determined on d 16, 19, 20 and 21, indicating that adaptation to calorimeters was not needed by the pigs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Quinoxaline 1,4-Dioxide: A Versatile Scaffold Endowed With Manifold Activities

“…Furthermore, they reported that antibacterial agents, used as growth promoters, are able to reduce the intestinal microflora, which competes with the host for nutrients in the intestinal lumen. They also found that a significant reduction of bacterial density on the intestinal epithelium by antibacterial growth promoters, contributed to a more efficient absorption of nutrients by the animal CARB improves weight gain and efficiency of feed utilization, and reduces the mass of small intestine in young pigs [11][12]. Portal vein-drained organs (PVDO), which consist of gastrointestinal tract, spleen, and pancreas, were shown to play an important role in the oxidative demand of the pig because they used 25% of the O 2 consumed by the whole animal, although PVDO represented only 5% of the wholebody weight [13].…”

“…For example, 2-methyl-3-phenylquinoxaline (12), when treated with peroxide and acetic acid, yields a mixture of the 1,4-dioxide (13) and the 1-oxide (14) derivatives [154] of Fig. (20).…”