Effect of new ethyl and methyl carbamates on Rhipicephalus microplus larvae and adult ticks resistant to conventional ixodicides

Pérez-González, I.E.; Prado-Ochoa, M.G.; Vázquez-Valadez, V.H.; Velázquez-Sánchez, A.M.; Avila-Suárez, B.L.; Cuenca-Verde, C.; Ángeles, Enrique; Arenzana-Seisdedos, Fernando

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.07.042

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In vitro studies have demonstrated that the carbamates LQM 996 and LQM 919 inhibit the reproduction of R. microplus strains that are susceptible or resistant to conventional acaricides such as organophosphates, pyrethroids, and amidines [2, 3]; thus, these compounds may potentially be useful in tick control. The results of this study demonstrated that subchronic exposure to the evaluated carbamates produced slight pathological alterations in rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These molecules have been used as pesticides in agriculture, for human drug therapies (e.g., for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, myasthenia gravis, glaucoma, and as a prophylactic for organophosphate compound poisoning), and in veterinary medicine as antiparasitic drugs [1]. The new carbamates (designed and synthesized in FES-Cuautitlan-UNAM), ethyl-4-bromophenyl-carbamate (LQM 919) and ethyl-4-chlorophenyl-carbamate (LQM 996), inhibit ovogenesis, damage ovary cells, and, therefore, affect the reproduction of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus (effective doses LQM 919 = 0.687 mg/mL and LQM 996 = 0.279 mg/mL; [2, 3]). These effects occur in both strains that are susceptible and strains that are resistant to the commercial ixodicides that are used in Mexico [2–4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The new carbamates (designed and synthesized in FES-Cuautitlan-UNAM), ethyl-4-bromophenyl-carbamate (LQM 919) and ethyl-4-chlorophenyl-carbamate (LQM 996), inhibit ovogenesis, damage ovary cells, and, therefore, affect the reproduction of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus (effective doses LQM 919 = 0.687 mg/mL and LQM 996 = 0.279 mg/mL; [2, 3]). These effects occur in both strains that are susceptible and strains that are resistant to the commercial ixodicides that are used in Mexico [2–4]. Thus, these carbamates have been suggested as an option for tick control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subchronic Toxicity Study in Rats of Two New Ethyl-Carbamates with Ixodicidal Activity

Prado-Ochoa

Abrego-Reyes

Velázquez-Sánchez

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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Female and male Wistar rats were used to determine the subchronic oral toxicities of two new ethyl-carbamates with ixodicidal activities (ethyl-4-bromphenyl-carbamate and ethyl-4-chlorphenyl-carbamate). The evaluated carbamates were administered in the drinking water (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg/day) for 90 days. Exposure to the evaluated carbamates did not cause mortality or clinical signs and did not affect food consumption or weight gain. However, exposure to these carbamates produced alterations in water consumption, hematocrit, percentages of reticulocytes, plasma proteins, some biochemical parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, cholinesterase, and creatinine activities), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and the relative weight of the spleen. Histologically, slight pathological alterations were found in the liver that were consistent with the observed biochemical alterations. The nonobserved adverse effect levels (NOAELs) of the evaluated carbamates were 12.5 mg/kg/day for both the female and male rats. The low severity and reversibility of the majority of the observed alterations suggest that the evaluated carbamates have low subchronic toxicity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subchronic Toxicity Study in Rats of Two New Ethyl-Carbamates with Ixodicidal Activity

Prado-Ochoa

Abrego-Reyes

Velázquez-Sánchez

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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“…The chemical classification of pesticides includes organophosphates [60], neonicotinoids [61], pyrethroids, N-methyl carbamates [62], and organochlorines [63]. In fact, the pesticides most widely employed are of the organophosphates and carbamates class.…”

Section: Environmental Relevance Of Pesticides Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Pesticide Monitoring at Environmental Samples Using Carbon Nanotubes-Based Electrochemical Sensors

Wong

Silva

Caetano

et al. 2017

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Carbon nanotubes have received enormous attention in the development of electrochemical sensors by promoting electron transfer reactions, decreasing the work overpotential within great surface areas. The growing concerns about environmental health emphasized the necessity of continuous monitoring of pollutants. Pesticides have been successfully used to control agricultural and public health pests; however, intense use can cause a number of damages for biodiversity and human health. In this sense, carbon nanotubes-based electrochemical sensors have been proposed for pesticide monitoring combining different electrode modification strategies and electroanalytical techniques. In this paper, we provide a review of the recent advances in the use of carbon nanotubes for the construction of electrochemical sensors dedicated to the environmental monitoring of pesticides. Future directions, perspectives, and challenges are also commented.

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“…Our group has shown that the new carbamates synthesized in FES-Cuautitlan-UNAM, namely, ethyl-4-bromophenyl-carbamate (LQM 919) and ethyl-4-chlorophenyl-carbamate (LQM 996), negatively affect R. microplus biological parameters and reproduction, both in susceptible strains and in those resistant to the commercial ixodicides used in México [3, 4]. These carbamates caused alterations in the reproductive organs, vitellogenesis, and the viability of the ovarian cells, and these effects were found to be independent of acetylcholinesterase inhibition [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Acute Oral and Dermal Toxicity of 2 Ethyl-Carbamates with Activity againstRhipicephalus microplusin Rats

Prado-Ochoa

Gutiérrez-Amezquita

Abrego-Reyes

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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The acute oral and dermal toxicity of two new ethyl-carbamates (ethyl-4-bromophenyl-carbamate and ethyl-4-chlorophenyl-carbamate) with ixodicide activity was determined in rats. The oral LD50 of each carbamate was 300 to 2000 mg/kg, and the dermal LD50 of each carbamate was >5000 mg/kg. Clinically, the surviving rats that had received oral doses of each carbamate showed decreased weight gain (P < 0.05) and had slight nervous system manifestations. These clinical signs were evident from the 300 mg/kg dose and were reversible, whereas the 2000 mg/kg dose caused severe damage and either caused their death or was motive for euthanasia. At necropsy, these rats had dilated stomachs and cecums with diffuse congestion, as well as moderate congestion of the liver. Histologically, the liver showed slight degenerative lesions, binucleated hepatocytes, focal coagulative necrosis, and congestion areas; the severity of the lesions increased with dosage. Furthermore, an slight increase in gamma-glutamyltransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine was observed in the plasma. The dermal application of the maximum dose (5000 mg/kg) of each carbamate did not cause clinical manifestations or liver and skin alterations. This finding demonstrates that the carbamates under study have a low oral hazard and low acute dermal toxicity.

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Effect of new ethyl and methyl carbamates on Rhipicephalus microplus larvae and adult ticks resistant to conventional ixodicides

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

Subchronic Toxicity Study in Rats of Two New Ethyl-Carbamates with Ixodicidal Activity

Subchronic Toxicity Study in Rats of Two New Ethyl-Carbamates with Ixodicidal Activity

An Overview of Pesticide Monitoring at Environmental Samples Using Carbon Nanotubes-Based Electrochemical Sensors

Assessment of Acute Oral and Dermal Toxicity of 2 Ethyl-Carbamates with Activity againstRhipicephalus microplusin Rats

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