Subchronic Toxicity Study in Rats of Two New Ethyl-Carbamates with Ixodicidal Activity

Prado-Ochoa, M.G.; Abrego-Reyes, Víctor Hugo; Velázquez-Sánchez, A.M.; Ramírez-Noguera, Patricia; Ángeles, Enrique; Arenzana-Seisdedos, Fernando

doi:10.1155/2014/467105

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…BW was measured weekly over the 12 weeks of the experiment; weight increases were detected. Normally, a rat will gain weight as it gets older, such as over the 3 months of the experiment [13]. Table 2 shows that the weight of the male rats increased by 6.28-9.19 g/week and that of the female rats increased by 7.59-9.03 g/week.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A subchronic toxicity test of Flacourtia rukam stem bark extract on the albino rat Rattus noverticus (Wistar strain)

Muharni¹,

Fitrya²,

Oki³

et al. 2021

J App Biol Biotech

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Flacourtia rukam is used as a traditional Indonesian treatment for hypertension. The toxicity of this natural ingredient needs to be tested, especially for long-term usage. Here, we report subchronic toxicity testing of an ethanol extract from the stem bark of F. rukam on the albino rat, Rattus noverticus (Wistar strain). The experiment used 30 male and 30 female albino rats, each divided into 5 groups, that is, a control group and 4 treatment groups (doses of 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg body weight [BW]). The experiment ran for 90 days. The toxicity effect was based on several parameters: Physical symptoms, weight, blood hematology (hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and hematocrit), blood biochemistry (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and creatinine), and relative organ weight. The results showed no significant difference between control and treatment groups up to a 600 mg/kg dose, but significant difference was observed at a 800 mg/kg dose. The difference, however, was still in the acceptable limits. Normal parameters resulted from biochemical examination, blood hematology, and BW, overall showed leading that F. rukam stem bark extract is not significantly toxic in the test animals.Five compounds monogalactosyl diacylglycerol, β-sitosterol-3βglucopyranocide-6β-fatty acid ester, β-sitosterol, triacylglycerol, and

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A subchronic toxicity test of Flacourtia rukam stem bark extract on the albino rat Rattus noverticus (Wistar strain)

Muharni¹,

Fitrya²,

Oki³

et al. 2021

J App Biol Biotech

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“…In previous studies, we observed that the ethyl-carbamates used in this study induce an increase in micronucleated reticulocytes in rats, which could be the result of DNA damage [ 10 ]. Furthermore, we observed an increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive species (oxidative stress) that can cause damage to macromolecules including DNA [ 8 ]. However, the results of the present study suggest that these ethyl-carbamates did not represent a risk for cancer in mammals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The toxicity of LQM 919 and LQM 996 must be evaluated before these compounds are proposed for the safe control of ticks. Following the criteria of the OECD, these carbamates are found to have low acute and subchronic toxicity in rats [ 8 , 9 ]. Nevertheless, these compounds produce an increase in micronucleated reticulocytes in the peripheral blood of rats as well as alterations in the cell cycle of human lymphocytes suggesting that these compounds cause DNA damage [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) and in vitro Predictions of Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Activities of Ixodicidal Ethyl-Carbamates

Prado-Ochoa

Strassburger-Madrigal

Camacho-Carranza

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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Ethyl-4-bromophenyl-carbamate (LQM 919) and Ethyl-4-chlorophenyl-carbamate (LQM 996) are compounds that inhibit egg-laying and hatching of tick larvae that are resistant to conventional ixodicides. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) to get the endpoint predictions of mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of the LQM 919 and LQM 996 was performed and the absence of mutagenicity was confirmed by Ames test. SAR analysis show no structural alerts indicating the ability of ethyl-carbamates to bind biomolecules or estrogen receptors. Endpoint of mutagenicity with and without metabolic activation showed that the ethyl-carbamates were negative (p <0.05) for mutagenicity induction in strains TA97, TA98, TA102, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538 of Salmonella typhimurium. Pre-incubation with different ethyl-carbamate concentrations did not increase the number of spontaneously reverting colonies; moreover, the compounds did not induce a concentration-dependent increase in the number of reverting colonies in any of the strains used. This confirmed the absence of mutagenic activity in this test system. Exogenous metabolic activation did not modify these observations; suggesting that no metabolites with mutagenic activity were present. The endpoint of carcinogenicity in rats were negative for LQM 919 (p <0.05,) and LQM 996 (p <0.001). The results of the present study strongly suggest that ethyl-carbamates do not represent a risk for cancer in mammals.

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“…Hal ini juga telah diungkapkan oleh (Prado-Ochoa et al, 2014), berdasarkan survey menunjukkan adanya efek samping dari penggunaan obat tradisional. Toksisitas obat merupakan faktor terpenting yang harus diperhatikan dalam penggunaan dan pengembangan obat herbal (Wahyuni et al, 2017).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Kajian Toksisitas Tanaman Genus Garcinia

Fitriah

Milanda

Muchtaridi

2020

Pharm. : j. farm. Indones.

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Sekitar 80%, alternatif dalam terapi pemeliharaan kesehatan bergantung pada penggunaan obat tradisional. Obat tradisional berasal dari bahan dan teknik pengobatannya yang bersifat alami, sehingga efek sampingnya relatif rendah, memiliki kandungan senyawa yang beraneka ragam bersifat sinergis serta biaya pengobatannya lebih ekonomis. Tanaman genus Garcinia merupakan famili dari Clusiaceae memiliki 400 spesies, 77 spesies diantaranya tersebar di wilayah Indonesia dan tumbuh di daerah tropis. Tanaman ini memiliki potensi besar sebagai obat tradisional dalam mengobati berbagai jenis kelainan patofisiologi. Pemanfaatan tanaman sebagai obat tradisional sebagian besar didasarkan pada pengalaman, namun informasi tentang bukti keamanan atau toksisitas tanaman obat kepada masyarakat masih terbatas sehingga perlu dilakukan pengkajian toksisitas genus Garcinia. Spesies tanaman dari genus Garcinia yang telah diuji toksisitasnya antara lain, Garcinia brasiliensis Mart., Garcinia xanthochymus Hook.f. ex T.Anderson, Garcinia cowa Roxb., Garcinia pedunculata Roxb. ex Buch.-Ham., Garcinia husor, Garcinia kola Heckel, Garcinia benthami Pierra, Garcinia mangostana L., Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy, Garcinia hombroniana Pierre, Garcinia rubroechinata Kosterm., Garcinia achachairu Rusby, Garcinia atroviridis Griff. ex T. Anders, Garcinia forbesii King, dan Garcinia multiflora Champ. ex Benth.

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Subchronic Toxicity Study in Rats of Two New Ethyl-Carbamates with Ixodicidal Activity

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

A subchronic toxicity test of Flacourtia rukam stem bark extract on the albino rat Rattus noverticus (Wistar strain)

A subchronic toxicity test of Flacourtia rukam stem bark extract on the albino rat Rattus noverticus (Wistar strain)

Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) and in vitro Predictions of Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Activities of Ixodicidal Ethyl-Carbamates

Kajian Toksisitas Tanaman Genus Garcinia

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