Effect of Ni concentration on microstructure, magnetic and microwave properties of electrodeposited NiCoFe films

Phua, L.X.; Phuoc, Nguyen N.; Ong, C. K.

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.07.121

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Nanostructured Ni‐Co‐Fe ternary alloys grown by the ED method have been extensively studied due to their outstanding and tunable magnetic properties (Ji et al, 2016; Ledwig et al, 2021; Saraç et al, 2019; Saraç & Baykul, 2021b; Sun et al, 2016) because these ones have a significant potential for use in many different industrial and technological applications (Chen et al, 2012; Hou et al, 2016; Liu et al, 2003; Phua et al, 2012; Sun et al, 2016). Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) substrates are conductive, highly transparent, and insensitive to outside air and moisture, and therefore are often employed in the ED process of a wide variety of magnetic and semiconductor thin film materials (Cao et al, 2013; Denizli et al, 2020; Dev et al, 2022; Long et al, 2022; Sarac et al, 2012; Saraç et al, 2015a; Saraç et al, 2019; Sarac & Baykul, 2012; Sarac & Baykul, 2013; Saraç & Baykul, 2021a; Saraç & Baykul, 2021b; Yıldırım & Altıokka, 2017a; Yıldırım & Altıokka, 2017b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning structural properties, morphology and magnetic characteristics of nanostructuredNi‐Co‐Fe/ITOternary alloys by galvanostatic pretreatment process

Saraç

Trong

Baykul

et al. 2022

Microscopy Res & Technique

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In this research, the structural properties, surface morphology, and magnetic characteristics of nanostructured ternary ferromagnetic alloys grown by a cost‐effective and effortless two‐step electrochemical deposition method on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates with and without a galvanostatic pretreatment process (GPP) were examined. The GPP was applied at various pretreatment current densities (PCDs) such as −10, −20, and − 30 mA/cm2. The effect of the PCD on the Ni, Co, and Fe contents is found to be insignificant and all resultant Ni‐Co‐Fe thin films show an abnormal co‐deposition. The films have nano‐sized crystallites ranging from 17.3 to 19.6 nm and showed a face‐centered cubic structure with the [111] preferential growth. Compared to the non‐GPP applied Ni‐Co‐Fe film, growing the ternary Ni‐Co‐Fe film on ITO at the PCD of −30 mA/cm2 causes an improvement in the crystal quality and a reduction in the particle size from 150 ± 50 to 70 ± 20 nm. A decrement in the surface roughness and coercivity was also achieved by applying the GPP at the PCD of −30 mA/cm2, but the opposite is true for the GPP performed at the PCD of −10 mA/cm2. The GPP has an effect on the magnetic Squareness Ratio (SQR), but the influence of the PCD on the SQR parameter is negligible. The obtained findings reveal that the properties of the Ni‐Co‐Fe/ITO ternary alloys can be tuned through the GPP applied in various PCDs. Highlights • The effect of the PCD on the Ni, Co, and Fe contents is found to be insignificant. • The films have nano‐sized crystallites and showed a face‐centered cubic structure with the [111] preferential growth. • The analysis reveals that the GPP changes the crystal quality, Hc parameter, surface roughness, and particle size of the films. • The GPP has an effect on the magnetic squareness ratio (SQR), but the influence of the PCD on the SQR parameter is negligible. • The films had nano‐sized crystallites ranging from 17.3 to 19.6 nm. • The films were ferromagnetic, and the Hc and SQR parameters of the films ranged from 30.2 to 42.7 Oe and from 8.8% to 19.6%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning structural properties, morphology and magnetic characteristics of nanostructuredNi‐Co‐Fe/ITOternary alloys by galvanostatic pretreatment process

Saraç

Trong

Baykul

et al. 2022

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…Moreover, Ni-Co-Fe alloys are applicable as anticorrosive or antireflective coatings, catalysts, and very low thermal coefficient materials [ 5 , 10 , 11 ]. Many methods such as metal casting, chemical synthesis [ 12 ] are used for the production of bulk ternary Ni-Co-Fe alloys, in turn for thin coatings sputtering [ 13 ], molecular beam epitaxy [ 14 ], or electrodeposition are used [ 2 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Electrodeposition is often preferred over vacuum processes due to its low cost and high effectiveness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Properties of Electrodeposited Nanocrystalline Ni-Co-Fe Coatings

et al. 2021

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Materials based on Ni-Co-Fe alloys, due to their excellent magnetic properties, attract great attention in nanotechnology, especially as candidates for high-density magnetic recording media and other applications from spintronic to consumer electronics. In this study, Ni-Co-Fe nanocrystalline coatings were electrodeposited from citrate-sulfate baths with the Ni2+:Co2+:Fe2+ ion concentration ratios equal to 15:1:1, 15:2:1, and 15:4:1. The effect of the composition of the bath on the morphology, microstructure, chemical composition, microhardness, and magnetic properties of the coatings was examined. Scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to study surface morphology, microstructure, chemical, and phase composition. Isothermal cross-sections of the Ni-Co-Fe ternary equilibrium system for the temperature of 50 °C and 600 °C were generated using the FactSage package. Magnetic properties were analyzed by a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer (SQUID). All the coatings were composed of a single phase being face-centered cubic (fcc) solid solution. They were characterized by a smooth surface with globular morphology and a nanocrystalline structure of grain diameter below 30 nm. It was determined that Ni-Co-Fe coatings exhibit high hardness above 4.2 GPa. The measurements of hysteresis loops showed a significant value of magnetization saturation and small coercivity. The microstructure and properties of the obtained nanocrystalline coatings are interesting in terms of their future use in micromechanical devices (MEMS).

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“…Ternary alloy thin films composed of Fe, Co and Ni ferromagnetic metals with low coercive field, high permeability, and high saturation magnetization values have an application potential in many areas such as computer read/write heads and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Apart from these areas, they also possess a widespread marketing potential in different areas such as transformers, high-frequency inductors and micromagnetic sensors because of their good microwave, corrosion and thermal stability features [2,4,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study on Microstructures, Magnetic Features and Morphologies of Ternary Fe–Co–Ni Alloy Thin Films Electrochemically Fabricated at Different Deposition Potentials

Saraç

Kaya

Baykul

2018

J Supercond Nov Magn

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Electrochemically fabricated ternary Fe-Co-Ni alloy thin films with different chemical compositions were obtained at different deposition potentials. An increase in the deposition potential increased the Ni content while it decreased the Co and Fe contents in the film structure. An anomalous co-deposition behaviour was also studied and the anomalous order of co-deposition was found to be Fe-Ni > Co-Ni > Fe-Co irrespective of deposition potential. Structural characterizations confirmed the presence of single face-centred cubic (fcc) phase structure with [111] preferred crystallographic orientation for all films. The size of the crystallites and the texture degree increased with increasing applied deposition potential. Smaller globular particles occurred on the surface structure of the film fabricated at higher deposition potentials compared to those grown at lower deposition potentials. A decrement detected in the coercive field with increasing applied deposition potential was related to the variations occurred in the chemical composition and the particle size. Keywords Ternary Fe-Co-Ni thin films • Morphologies • Magnetic features • Texture degree • Anomalous co-deposition • Applied deposition potential This paper was presented at ICSM 2018.

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Effect of Ni concentration on microstructure, magnetic and microwave properties of electrodeposited NiCoFe films

Cited by 25 publications

References 14 publications

Tuning structural properties, morphology and magnetic characteristics of nanostructuredNi‐Co‐Fe/ITOternary alloys by galvanostatic pretreatment process

Tuning structural properties, morphology and magnetic characteristics of nanostructuredNi‐Co‐Fe/ITOternary alloys by galvanostatic pretreatment process

Microstructure and Properties of Electrodeposited Nanocrystalline Ni-Co-Fe Coatings

A Comparative Study on Microstructures, Magnetic Features and Morphologies of Ternary Fe–Co–Ni Alloy Thin Films Electrochemically Fabricated at Different Deposition Potentials

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