Microstructure and Properties of Electrodeposited Nanocrystalline Ni-Co-Fe Coatings

Ledwig, P.; Kąc, M.; Kopia, Agnieszka; Falkus, J.; Dubiel, B.

doi:10.3390/ma14143886

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The sample grown from the PS with the lowest Co ion concentration of 0.016 M contained the lowest Co contents (32.9 wt.%), but the highest Ni (62.4 wt.%) and Fe (4.7 wt.%) compositions. In contrast to that, the sample electrochemically deposited from the PS with the highest Co ion concentration of 0.040 M included the highest Co contents (60.9 wt.%), but the lowest Ni (35.7 In recent studies [3,50], it was reported that the Co contents in electrochemically manufactured Ni-Co-Fe coatings and Co-Fe-Ni alloying micropillars increased but the Fe and Ni compositions decreased as the Co 2+ ion concentration in the PS increased. Similar results were also found in Fe-Co-Ni deposits electroplated in a former study [46], which was consistent with our results.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…This phenomenon confirmed the creation of ACD behavior, which is the characteristic feature for the electrochemical deposition of iron-group alloys. Furthermore, the reduction rate of Fe 2+ was higher compared to the reduction rate of Co 2+ as the CRV Co was lower than CRV Fe [3,6,19,24,46,[51][52][53]. Therefore, the degree of ACD characteristics of Co-Ni was lower than Fe-Ni.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Nanostructured ferromagnetic materials in the form of thin films are widely used in many technological applications and attract great attention because of their good physical and magnetic features [1][2][3][4][5]. To date, many physical and chemical growth techniques have been developed that are utilized in the production process of magnetic thin film samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, many physical and chemical growth techniques have been developed that are utilized in the production process of magnetic thin film samples. Among the growth techniques developed, the electrochemical deposition technique has been successfully used in computer read/write heads and Micro-ElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) applications due to its unique features [1,3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. It is well known that ternary ferromagnetic alloy films are interesting soft magnetic materials due to their high saturation magnetization and low coercive field [4,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another study, Fe-Co-Ni films were electrochemically fabricated on copper substrates from an ammonium-chloride-based PS at different Co 2+ /Ni 2+ ion ratios [47]. In addition, in a very recent study, nanocrystalline Ni-Co-Fe coatings were electroplated on copper plates from a sulfate-citrate PS at different Co ion concentrations [3]. To make magnetic Fe-Co-Ni thin films, researchers can use many methods such as evaporation and electrochemical deposition [48].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Deposition of Fe–Co–Ni Samples with Different Co Contents and Characterization of Their Microstructural and Magnetic Properties

et al. 2022

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In this study, to explore the effect of Co contents on the electroplated Fe–Co–Ni samples, three different Fe–Co33–Ni62, Fe–Co43–Ni53, and Fe–Co61–Ni36 samples were electrochemically grown from Plating Solutions (PSs) containing different amounts of Co ions on indium tin oxide substrates. Compositional analysis showed that an increase in the Co ion concentration in the PS gives rise to an increment in the weight fraction of Co in the sample. In all samples, the co–deposition characteristic was described as anomalous. The samples exhibited a predominant reflection from the (111) plane of the face–centered cubic structure. However, the Fe–Co61–Ni36 sample also had a weak reflection from the (100) plane of the hexagonal close–packed structure of Co. An enhancement in the Co contents caused a strong decrement in the crystallinity, resulting in a decrease in the size of the crystallites. The Fe–Co33–Ni62 sample exhibited a more compact surface structure comprising only cauliflower–like agglomerates, while the Fe–Co43–Ni53 and Fe–Co61–Ni36 samples had a surface structure consisting of both pyramidal particles and cauliflower–like agglomerates. The results also revealed that different Co contents play an important role in the surface roughness parameters. From the magnetic analysis of the samples, it was understood that the Fe–Co61–Ni36 sample has a higher coercive field and magnetic squareness ratio than the Fe–Co43–Ni53 and Fe–Co33–Ni62 samples. The differences observed in the magnetic characteristics of the samples were attributed to the changes revealed in their phase structure and surface roughness parameters. The obtained results are the basis for the fabrication of future magnetic devices.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Electrochemical Deposition of Fe–Co–Ni Samples with Different Co Contents and Characterization of Their Microstructural and Magnetic Properties

et al. 2022

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Tuning structural properties, morphology and magnetic characteristics of nanostructuredNi‐Co‐Fe/ITOternary alloys by galvanostatic pretreatment process

Saraç

Trong

Baykul

et al. 2022

Microscopy Res & Technique

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In this research, the structural properties, surface morphology, and magnetic characteristics of nanostructured ternary ferromagnetic alloys grown by a cost‐effective and effortless two‐step electrochemical deposition method on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates with and without a galvanostatic pretreatment process (GPP) were examined. The GPP was applied at various pretreatment current densities (PCDs) such as −10, −20, and − 30 mA/cm2. The effect of the PCD on the Ni, Co, and Fe contents is found to be insignificant and all resultant Ni‐Co‐Fe thin films show an abnormal co‐deposition. The films have nano‐sized crystallites ranging from 17.3 to 19.6 nm and showed a face‐centered cubic structure with the [111] preferential growth. Compared to the non‐GPP applied Ni‐Co‐Fe film, growing the ternary Ni‐Co‐Fe film on ITO at the PCD of −30 mA/cm2 causes an improvement in the crystal quality and a reduction in the particle size from 150 ± 50 to 70 ± 20 nm. A decrement in the surface roughness and coercivity was also achieved by applying the GPP at the PCD of −30 mA/cm2, but the opposite is true for the GPP performed at the PCD of −10 mA/cm2. The GPP has an effect on the magnetic Squareness Ratio (SQR), but the influence of the PCD on the SQR parameter is negligible. The obtained findings reveal that the properties of the Ni‐Co‐Fe/ITO ternary alloys can be tuned through the GPP applied in various PCDs. Highlights • The effect of the PCD on the Ni, Co, and Fe contents is found to be insignificant. • The films have nano‐sized crystallites and showed a face‐centered cubic structure with the [111] preferential growth. • The analysis reveals that the GPP changes the crystal quality, Hc parameter, surface roughness, and particle size of the films. • The GPP has an effect on the magnetic squareness ratio (SQR), but the influence of the PCD on the SQR parameter is negligible. • The films had nano‐sized crystallites ranging from 17.3 to 19.6 nm. • The films were ferromagnetic, and the Hc and SQR parameters of the films ranged from 30.2 to 42.7 Oe and from 8.8% to 19.6%.

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Influence of deposition parameters on the electrodeposited ternary CoFeCu coatings

Fortas,

Ouir,

Manseri

et al. 2024

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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Microstructure and Properties of Electrodeposited Nanocrystalline Ni-Co-Fe Coatings

Cited by 27 publications

References 54 publications

Electrochemical Deposition of Fe–Co–Ni Samples with Different Co Contents and Characterization of Their Microstructural and Magnetic Properties

Electrochemical Deposition of Fe–Co–Ni Samples with Different Co Contents and Characterization of Their Microstructural and Magnetic Properties

Tuning structural properties, morphology and magnetic characteristics of nanostructuredNi‐Co‐Fe/ITOternary alloys by galvanostatic pretreatment process

Influence of deposition parameters on the electrodeposited ternary CoFeCu coatings

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