Effect of Nitrogen and Plastic Mulch on Properties of Troup Loamy Sand and on Yield of ‘Walter’ Tomatoes1

Jones, T. L.; Jones, U. S.; Ezell, D. O.

doi:10.21273/jashs.102.3.273

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The reason for increased branch growth of mulched plants only can be speculated at present. Root growth may have been stimulated by increased soil temperatures and improved soil moisture status under the mulch (1,4,5,12,13,21), leading to early top growth (11). Moreover, a greater proportion of the root system may be exploiting soil near the surface where the fertilizer was shallowly incorporated, since the mulch prevented this surface from drying out.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common response of tomatoes to plastic mulch is an increase in total yield, but no decrease in days to first ripe fruit (1,4,13,18), although there are exceptions (3). Relative to unmulched plants, shallower root distribution, higher soil moisture and carbon dioxide levels, higher soil temperatures, and better nutrient availability by reduction of leaching have been most frequently given as reasons for the yield responses obtained under mulch (1,4,5,12,13,(17)(18)(19)21). Few detailed studies on plant growth and flowering as influenced by soil mulching have been made, however (20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Root restriction has been shown to cause a reduction in shoot dry weight (2,5), length (1,2,5,10), intemode elongation (1,3,4), and size and number of laterals (10,14,17). Other major vegetative effects of root restriction include reduction in leaf area (2,4,10,12,14), leaf number (11,14), and leaf dry weight (2).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Growth, Yield, and Nutrient Uptake of Transplanted Fresh-market Tomatoes as Affected by Plastic Mulch and Initial Nitrogen Rate

Wien

Minotti

1987

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Two field experiments were conducted with two cultivars of transplanted tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) with and without plastic mulch, varying the initial rate of N fertilizer, but maintaining the total N rate at 168 kg·ha–1 by sidedressing. In 1982, 0 and 112 kg·ha–1 initial N rates, and bare ground, black mulch, and clear plastic mulch were compared on a gravelly loam soil. In 1983, initial N rates used were 34, 67, 101, or 134 kg·ha–1, with bare ground and clear mulch on a silt loam soil. Effects of the plastic mulch dominated both experiments. Mulching increased rate of basal branch appearance and led to early flowering on branches. Total plant growth, as measured by vine weights at final harvest, was increased by mulch in both years. Mulching increased early yield only in 1983, but increased total yields by 13% and 79% in 1982 and 1983, respectively. Initial N fertilizer rates did not influence total yields significantly in either experiment, although high initial N rate, combined with clear plastic mulch, led to a significant decrease in percent marketable fruit in 1982. In 1983, mulching increased shoot concentrations of N, NO3-N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, and Β (P = < 0.01) in spite of the fact that mulched plants were larger than unmulched plants at sampling time, 24 days after transplanting. Nitrogen fertilizer increased only the N and P concentrations and to a lesser extent than did the mulch.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Growth, Yield, and Nutrient Uptake of Transplanted Fresh-market Tomatoes as Affected by Plastic Mulch and Initial Nitrogen Rate

Wien

Minotti

1987

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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“…Reported beneficial responses of tomatoes to polyethylene mulch culture include earlier production (Bhella, 1988;Schalk et al, 1979;West and Pierce, 1988), better fruit quality (Wien and Minotti, 1987), and greater total yield (Jones et al, 1977;Wien and Minotti, 1987). These responses have been attributed to enhanced soil warming (Taber, 1983), more efficient and consistent use of water (Bhella, 1988;Jones et al, 1977;Sweeney et al, 1987) and fertilizers (Bhella, 1988;Jones et al, 1977;Wien and Minotti, 1987), and better control of weeds (Smith, 1968). Management decisions on mulch color traditionally have been based on mulch effects on soil temperatures.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mulch Surface Color Affects Yield of Fresh-market Tomatoes

Decoteau

Kasperbauer

Hunt

1989

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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The influence of polyethylene mulch surface color on the plant light environment and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) production was investigated. White- or silver-painted mulches reflected more total light, and a lower ratio of far-red relative to red light, than mulches painted black or red. Soil temperatures were warmer under the black and red mulches. Mulch color also affected the yield and growth of tomato. Tomato plants grown with red mulch generally had the greatest early marketable yields and produced the least amount of foliage. Plants grown with a white or silver-colored mulch had lower early marketable yields but produced more foliage. These results suggest that mulch surface color can induce changes in the plant microclimate (e.g., spectral balance and quantity of light, root zone temperatures) that can act through natural regulatory systems within the growing plant and affect tomato plant growth and fruit production.

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“…Plants raised in this environ ment will be able to survive at the chilling temperature for cold acclimation. Reducing chilling sensitivity in tomato plants by ex posure to temperature slightly above the chilling range was documented in 1967 by Wheaton and Morris (8). They also found that temperatures above 12.5°C provided less protection than at 12.5°, and that a 3-hr con ditioning at 12.5° was sufficient to yield some protection, with maximum protection achieved in 48 hr.…”

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confidence: 84%

Management Practices for Fresh-market Tomato Production in the Southeastern Coastal Plain

Karlen¹,

Robbins²

1983

horts

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Yields of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were highest with trickle irrigation, mulching, and staking, but the importance of the individual management components was dependent upon seasonal weather pattern. In 1979, plants that were staked, but not irrigated, produced 78 MT/ha of marketable fruit. Irrigating the staked plants increased yields to 94 MT/ha and to 97 MT/ha if the beds were mulched with black polyethylene. Without staking the plants in 1979, neither trickle irrigation nor mulching influenced fruit yield, which averaged only 45 MT/ha. In 1980, because of a prolonged drought, trickle irrigation increased yields from 33 to 65 MT/ha, mulching increased yields from 42 to 58 MT/ha, but staking did not significantly influence yield. Seasonal water balances suggested that tomato grown on a Norfolk loamy sand should be irrigated before the soil water-tension at the 30-cm depth in the center of the bed exceeds 25 kPa.

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Effect of Nitrogen and Plastic Mulch on Properties of Troup Loamy Sand and on Yield of ‘Walter’ Tomatoes1

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

Growth, Yield, and Nutrient Uptake of Transplanted Fresh-market Tomatoes as Affected by Plastic Mulch and Initial Nitrogen Rate

Growth, Yield, and Nutrient Uptake of Transplanted Fresh-market Tomatoes as Affected by Plastic Mulch and Initial Nitrogen Rate

Mulch Surface Color Affects Yield of Fresh-market Tomatoes

Management Practices for Fresh-market Tomato Production in the Southeastern Coastal Plain

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