Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Amino Acid Composition and Distribution in Sorghum Grain<sup>1</sup>

Waggle, D. H.; Deyoe, C. W.; Smith, F. W.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1967.0011183x000700040027x

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…A comparison of the amino acid pattern of soybean protein with the standard F AO amino acid pattern (based on the composition of whole hen egg protein) shows close agreement except for cystine and methionine (the two S-containing amino acids) and, therefore, the S-con-tammg amino acids limit the nutritive value of soybean protein. Waggle, Deyoe, and Smith (1967) found protein percentage and amino acid composition and distribution in sorghum were affected by N fertility. Not all amino acids increased proportionally as the protein increased.…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

Yield and Composition of Soybean Seed as Affected by N and S Fertilization¹

Ham¹,

Liener²,

Evans³

et al. 1975

Agronomy Journal

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Soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) obtain nitrogen from soil and from symbiotic fixation when nodulated with effective strains of rhizobia. These two sources of N may need to be supplemented with fertilizer N for maximum seed yields. The objectives of the present study were to determine the effects of N and sulfur fertilization on soybean seed yield and other seed properties (protein, oil, amino acid, fatty acid, and S composition). Chippewa 64 and a nodulating‐nonnodulating (nodnonnod) pair of isolines of Chippewa background were examined at three field locations over 2 years for yield response to different forms of fertilizer N (224 kg/ha) and to fertilizer S (224 kg/ha). Three readily available fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, urea, and urea + sulfur) and two slow release fertilizer (S‐coated urea and ureaformaldehyde) were mixed in the top 20 cm of soil before planting. The soils were Nicollet silty clay loam (Aquic Hapludoll), McIntosh silt loam (Aeric Calciaquoll) and Webster clay loam (Typic Haplaquoll). Response to N fertilizer was greater with the nonnod isoline than with the other two lines. Nitrogen fertilization increased seed yield, weight per seed, seed protein percentage, and kg protein/ha. Plant height and lodging were either increased or unaffected, depending upon locations and/or year. Seed oil percentage decreased following N fertilization. However, total oil production usually increased due to larger yields. All sources of fertilizer decreased N2 fixation, plant nodule weight, nodule number, and weight per nodule. Amino acids increased uniformly with protein increases but fatty acid composition was unchanged. Sulfur fertilizer increased seed yield in one case and decreased seed yield in two cases depending on location and year. Total S percentage of the seed and S‐containing amino acids of the seed were not increased with S additions. Increases in seed yield and/or seed protein percentage in the nodulating lines suggest N2 fixation failed to supply amounts of N essential for maximum seed yield and/or protein percentage. With the recent concern for energy, N2 fixation must be increased to provide the N needed for maximum seed yields of soybeans rather than relying on fertilizer N.

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confidence: 88%

Yield and Composition of Soybean Seed as Affected by N and S Fertilization¹

Ham¹,

Liener²,

Evans³

et al. 1975

Agronomy Journal

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“…For these reasons amino acid concentration changes may appear somewhat confusing at first glance. For example, Waggle et al (1967) reported that in sorghum arginine decreased with seed protein increase, whereas :t: Zero rate observations are from adjacent plots in the same field with. eight replications.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Fertilization Increases N and Alters Amino Acid Concentration of Cottonseed¹

Elmore¹,

Spurgeon²,

Thom³

1979

Agronomy Journal

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Utilization of seed proteins from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) as an ingredient of food products for nonruminant animals may provide producers with a salable seed commodity in addition to oil and meal. It was important to confirm and more fully establish the effects of N fertilization on cottonseed protein concentration and protein quality (amino acid composition). In order to achieve this, seed was collected in 1976 from a N fertility experiment which had been established with the same N rates the previous 2 years. Cotton (‘DES 56’ was grown on a Dundee silt loam soil, a fine‐silt, mixed, thermic, Aeric Ochraqualfs, with four replications. The experimental design was a split‐plot with N rates (67, 90, 112, 134, and 157 kg ha‐1) as the main plots and time of application (preplant, 1/2 preplant‐1/2 sidedressed, and sidedressed) as subplots (the same plots received the same treatment each year). We measured yield of seed cotton, seed N concentration and amino acid composition. In 1976 the higher N rates increased seed N concentrations from 6.05% N up to 6.60% N, whereas time of application had no effect. Application of N decreased lysine and increased arginine concentration, whereas histidine, serine, tyrosine and phenylalanine were affected by time of application. Glycine was affected by both rate and time of application. Correlation of seed N concentration with amino acid concentration showed that arginine, cysteine and proline were positively related and that lysine, histidine, and threonine were negatively related to seed N. The effects produced by application of fertilizer N to cotton in a field situation result in seed N and amino acid concentration similar to results reported previously in an unusual field situation and allow for better prediction of N effects on cottonseed composition.

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“…This hypothesis has been confirmed by multiple studies where protein was enhanced with increased available nitrogen (Bayu et al, 2006; Kaufman et al, 2013; Kaye et al, 2007; Rashid et al, 2008). On the other hand, studies looking at the impact of N fertilization on amino acid profile in sorghum are limited, published 2 to 3 decades ago, and do not provide knowledge that is applicable under current management and environmental conditions (Ajakaiye, 1984; Deyoe & Shellenberger, 1965; Miller et al, 1964; Waggle et al, 1967). In addition, it is known that the amino acid composition of grain is a function of N, hence altering the amount and timing of application through in‐season split application would increase amino acid levels and thereby protein (rice—Ning et al, 2009; wheat—Xue et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grain protein and amino acid dynamics in sorghum with in‐season split‐nitrogen application

Ostmeyer,

Impa,

Peiris

et al. 2024

Cereal Chem

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Background and ObjectivesField experiments were conducted to assess the influence of in‐season split application of nitrogen (N) on grain protein, protein digestibility, and amino acid dynamics in grain sorghum, in three different environments. Treatments included a zero N check and eight treatments with varying N application timings and amounts.FindingsThe five high N treatments had significantly greater grain protein content than all the lower N treatments. As the total protein increased, the kafirin portion of the protein increased, whereas the albumin‐globulin levels decreased. Nitrogen treatment had a significant effect on 13 of the 18 amino acids. High N applications significantly increased amino acids on a protein basis including alanine, glutamic acid, leucine, proline, and phenylalanine.ConclusionsTreatment N92 with N applied at 92 kg N ha−1 as split application at three different growth stages including planting, panicle initiation, and booting emerged as the optimum N treatment for increasing protein and amino acid concentration in grain sorghum.Significance and NoveltyThe ideal N application approach identified can be used to screen a wide range of sorghum hybrids under varying levels of irrigation and the same N treatments can be adopted by producers to enhance grain protein in sorghum.

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Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Amino Acid Composition and Distribution in Sorghum Grain¹

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Yield and Composition of Soybean Seed as Affected by N and S Fertilization¹

Yield and Composition of Soybean Seed as Affected by N and S Fertilization¹

Nitrogen Fertilization Increases N and Alters Amino Acid Concentration of Cottonseed¹

Grain protein and amino acid dynamics in sorghum with in‐season split‐nitrogen application

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Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Amino Acid Composition and Distribution in Sorghum Grain1

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Yield and Composition of Soybean Seed as Affected by N and S Fertilization1

Yield and Composition of Soybean Seed as Affected by N and S Fertilization1

Nitrogen Fertilization Increases N and Alters Amino Acid Concentration of Cottonseed1

Grain protein and amino acid dynamics in sorghum with in‐season split‐nitrogen application

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Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Amino Acid Composition and Distribution in Sorghum Grain¹

Yield and Composition of Soybean Seed as Affected by N and S Fertilization¹

Yield and Composition of Soybean Seed as Affected by N and S Fertilization¹

Nitrogen Fertilization Increases N and Alters Amino Acid Concentration of Cottonseed¹