Effect of nitrogen levels and sources on production of Swiss Chard (<i>Beta vulgaris</i>var.<i>Cicla</i>)

The effects of different levels of nitrogen fertilization (0-50-100-150-200 kg ha-1), minimal processing and cold storage (14 days at 4°C) on yield and quality of fresh-cut Swiss Chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla L.) were evaluated. Increasing the level of nitrogen fertilization over 100 kg N ha-1, plants had a higher fresh weight, reduced their dry matter content and resulted taller and leafier. Total and marketable yield increased linearly as increasing nitrogen level. Both nitrate and ascorbic acid content at harvest increased as increasing nitrogen supply. Nitrogen fertilization negatively affected the yield of minimal processing. No effect on appearance and quality loss during cold storage was detected. Reducing nitrogen fertilization could lead to a more environmentally friendly product with no significant loss in yield and quality both for raw plant and fresh-cut Swiss chard. Minimal processing can improve nutritional quality lowering nitrates and increasing ascorbic acid content in fresh-cut produce

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“…() and Engelbrecht et al . (), and in other leafy vegetable as spinach or lettuce (Elia et al . ; Pereira et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar linear increase in plant f.w. was recorded for Swiss chard by Echer et al (2012) and Engelbrecht et al (2010), and in other leafy vegetable as spinach or lettuce (Elia et al 1998;Pereira et al 2003;Hammad et al 2007).…”

Section: Swiss Chard Yield and Qualitymentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Quality of Swiss Chard at Harvest and during Storage as Minimally Processed Produce

Miceli

Miceli²

2014

Journal of Food Quality

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“…In addition to water pollution problems, intensive application of nitrogen fertilizers, particularly in the form of nitrates, may determine an excess of nitrogen in fresh-cut leafy vegetables, causing serious risks for human health and the environment [9]. Several studies focused on the effects of different forms and rates of mineral nitrogen fertilizers on Swiss chard quality [2,8,10,11], showing that high levels of N fertilizer, although they increase the production, compromise the quality of fresh-cut yield. The range between 100 and 150 kg N ha −1 is recommended for the species to meet yield level, production cost, and leaf quality, allowing to keep low nitrate content below safe limits and avoid a negative impact on leaf nutritional value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar, Vermicompost, and Compost as Soil Organic Amendments: Influence on Growth Parameters, Nitrate and Chlorophyll Content of Swiss Chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cycla)

2020

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Soil addition with organic amendments is an issue that receives growing attention in the agricultural sector. However, the effects of such materials on plant growth and crop yield are highly variable in the literature. This study aims to evaluate the influence of soil addition with biochar (from vine pruning residues), vermicompost (from cattle manure), and three different composts (from olive pomace or cattle anaerobic digestate), on the quali-quantitative response of Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cycla) grown in pots. The organic amendments were applied to the soil in two doses to provide 140 and 280 kg N ha−1, respectively. Two growth cycles were considered, and, at each leaf cut, plants were analyzed for growth parameters (height, fresh weight, leaf number, and leaf area) and qualitative characteristics (nitrogen, nitrate, and pigment leaf content). Swiss chard responded positively to organic amendment and, particularly when the soil was treated with compost from animal wastes, higher plant growth and pigment leaf content were observed. Nitrate leaf content was always well below the NO3− thresholds established by the European Commission Regulations. Biochar application did not show a positive effect on the quali-quantitative characteristics of Swiss chard, likely due to benefits that may be achieved over time.

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“…The negative control had the lowest N uptake rate. Nitrogen uptake of Swiss chard generally increased from the negative control, emphasizing the essential role of N in plant growth as highlighted by Engelbrecht et al (2010). The similarity of uptake of nutrients at the 100 and 200 kg N ha −1 implied that N uptake generally influenced the growth of the vegetable and affected uptake of other nutrients (Table 3) in a similar pattern, such that there was no comparative improvement of dry matter yield at 200 kg N ha −1 .…”

Section: Shoot Dry Matter and Elemental Uptake Of Swiss Chardmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The difference between the dry matter of Swiss chard from the positive control and at duckweed rates of 100 and 200 kg N ha −1 was due to the type of the N source. Hammad et al (2007) reported that nitrogen levels and sources influenced dry mass of spinach, while other studies generally maintained that the source of N did not influence the yield of leafy vegetables (Wang and Li 2004;Engelbrecht et al 2010). Increasing duckweed rate of application to an equivalent of 100 kg N ha −1 improved the dry matter of Swiss chard compared to the negative control but it remained lower than that of the positive control.…”

Section: Shoot Dry Matter and Elemental Uptake Of Swiss Chardmentioning

confidence: 98%

Improvement of nitrogen uptake and dry matter content of Swiss chard by pre-incubation of duckweeds in soil

Chikuvire

Muchaonyerwa

Zengeni

2019

Int J Recycl Org Waste Agricult

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Purpose Recovery of nutrients from water using duckweed and their reuse has significance in closing the loop on nutrient transfer from anthropogenic sources. This study investigated the effect of rate of application and pre-incubation period of duckweed on biomass and nutrient uptake of Swiss chard (Fordhook giant). Methods Two glasshouse experiments were laid out in randomized complete block designs with three replicates. In the first experiment, Swiss chard was grown on two soils (ferralsol and regosol) amended with Wolffia arrhiza biomass at 0, 50, 100 and 200% of the recommended nitrogen rate. In the second experiment, the same vegetable was grown on the ferralsol amended with W. arrhiza and Lemna minor at recommended nitrogen rate, with pre-incubation periods of 0, 14 and 28 days. Results Application of W. arrhiza biomass increased Swiss chard dry matter by 23-45% compared to the negative control. The positive control (urea at 100 kg N ha −1 rate) had highest Swiss chard biomass. Higher rates than 100 kg N ha −1 had no added benefit on dry matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake of Swiss chard. Pre-incubation of duckweed for 28 days improved nutrient uptake, resulting in higher dry matter than shorter periods. The Swiss chard dry matter after pre-incubation for 28 days was similar to that from urea application. Conclusion Findings from this study suggest that duckweed is a resource with beneficial use for nutrient supply to vegetables, especially when appropriate rates are used with pre-incubation.

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Effect of nitrogen levels and sources on production of Swiss Chard (Beta vulgarisvar.Cicla)

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Quality of Swiss Chard at Harvest and during Storage as Minimally Processed Produce

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Quality of Swiss Chard at Harvest and during Storage as Minimally Processed Produce

Biochar, Vermicompost, and Compost as Soil Organic Amendments: Influence on Growth Parameters, Nitrate and Chlorophyll Content of Swiss Chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cycla)

Improvement of nitrogen uptake and dry matter content of Swiss chard by pre-incubation of duckweeds in soil

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