Effect
of Nonideal Solution Behavior on Desalination of a Sodium Chloride Solution and Comparison to
Seawater

Mistry, Karan H.; Lienhard, John H.

doi:10.1115/1.4024544

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…(34). It is noted that more accurate expressions for the chemical exergy of water mixtures can be derived by accounting for the non-ideality of the solution [36].…”

Section: Performance Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and exergy analysis of a novel multiple-effect vapor chamber distillation system for high-salinity wastewater treatment

Shabgard¹,

Parthasarathy²,

Xu³

2019

Desalination and Water Treatment

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Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/me_fac Part of the Mechanical Engineering Commons, and the Water Resource Management Commons Recommended Citation Recommended Citation Shabgard, Hamidreza; Parthasarathy, Ramkumar; and Xu, Ben, "Energy and exergy analysis of a novel multiple-effect vapor chamber distillation system for high-salinity wastewater treatment" (2019). Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations. 6. a b s t r a c tA novel modular thermally-driven multiple-effect vapor chamber distillation (MVCD) system is presented for compact and portable desalination applications. The MVCD system consists of several vapor chambers connected in series with the condenser section of the upstream vapor chambers serving as the evaporator section of the following effect. A heat transfer model accounting for the major thermal resistances was developed to predict the heat transfer and distilled water production rates. A mass transfer analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of the accumulation of the non-condensable gasses within the chambers. An exergy analysis was also conducted to quantify the efficiency of the system from the viewpoint of the second law of thermodynamics. It was found that for a fixed number of effects, increasing the hot-end temperature increased the distillation rate and decreased the second law efficiency. On the other hand, increasing the number of effects at a fixed hot-end temperature resulted in increased distillation rate and second law efficiency. The increased salinity of the feed water resulted in smaller distillation rates and greater second law efficiency. For all the cases, it was found that sensible heat recovery from the discharging fluids could improve the gained output ratio (GOR) and the second law efficiency by about 10%. Quantitatively, at a hot-end temperature of 70°C, feed water salinity of 35 ppt and recovery ratio of 36%, the MVCD system with six effects and energy recovery from the discharging fluids yielded a GOR of 5.0 and a second law efficiency of 3.8%.

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“…(34). It is noted that more accurate expressions for the chemical exergy of water mixtures can be derived by accounting for the non-ideality of the solution [36].…”

Section: Performance Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and exergy analysis of a novel multiple-effect vapor chamber distillation system for high-salinity wastewater treatment

Shabgard¹,

Parthasarathy²,

Xu³

2019

Desalination and Water Treatment

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“…While the Gibbs free energy can be evaluated by summing chemical potentials of each of the species [28][29][30], seawater property packages based upon a single salinity parameter are available [31][32][33][34]. The package by Sharqawy et al [33,34] is used in this study.…”

Section: ξẇ +mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Activity for each of the dissolved species is written as the product of the molal activity coefficient and the molality: a i = γ i m i [28][29][30]. Activity of the pure salt, CA, is equal to one by definition.…”

Section: Chemical Disequilibriummentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized Least Energy of Separation for Desalination and Other Chemical Separation Processes

Mistry

Lienhard

2013

Entropy

102

118

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Increasing global demand for fresh water is driving the development and implementation of a wide variety of seawater desalination technologies driven by different combinations of heat, work, and chemical energy. This paper develops a consistent basis for comparing the energy consumption of such technologies using Second Law efficiency. The Second Law efficiency for a chemical separation process is defined in terms of the useful exergy output, which is the minimum least work of separation required to extract a unit of product from a feed stream of a given composition. For a desalination process, this is the minimum least work of separation for producing one kilogram of product water from feed of a given salinity. While definitions in terms of work and heat input have been proposed before, this work generalizes the Second Law efficiency to allow for systems that operate on a combination of energy inputs, including fuel. The generalized equation is then evaluated through a parametric study considering work input, heat inputs at various temperatures, and various chemical fuel inputs. Further, since most modern, large-scale desalination plants operate in cogeneration schemes, a methodology for correctly evaluating Second Law efficiency for the desalination plant based on primary energy inputs is demonstrated. It is shown that, from a strictly energetic point of view and based on currently available technology, cogeneration using electricity to power a reverse osmosis system is energetically superior to thermal systems such as multiple effect distillation and multistage flash distillation, despite the very low grade heat input normally applied in those systems.

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“…The Second Law efficiency for a chemical separation system is defined as the ratio of the least exergy of separation to the exergy input to the system: η II ≡ least exergy of separation exergy input (17) The least exergy of separation is equal to the least work of separation (Ẇ least in ) which is a function of the salinities of the process streams irrespective of the type of energy input [31]. For the separation processes of brine concentration and crystallization, the least work was given in Eqs.…”

Section: Zero-discharge Desalinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exergy input to the system depends on the definition of the system and its control volume. Following the approach of [31], the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics can be applied to the system shown in Fig. 10.…”

Section: Zero-discharge Desalinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic analysis of brine management methods: Zero-discharge desalination and salinity-gradient power production

et al. 2017

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Growing desalination capacity worldwide has made management of discharge brines an increasingly urgent environmental challenge. An important step in understanding how to choose between different brine management processes is to study the energetics of these processes. In this paper, we analyze two different ways of managing highly saline brines. The first method is complete separation with production of salts (i.e., zero-discharge desalination or ZDD). Thermodynamic limits of the ZDD process were calculated. This result was applied to the state-of-the-art industrial ZDD process to quantify how close these systems are to the thermodynamic limit, and to compare the energy consumption of the brine concentration step to the crystallization step. We conclude that the brine concentration step has more potential for improvement compared to the crystallization step. The second brine management method considered is salinity-gradient power generation through pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO), which utilizes the brine's high concentration to produce useful work while reducing its concentration by mixing the brine with a lower salinity stream in a controlled manner. We model the PRO system coupled with a desalination system using a detailed numerical optimization, which resulted in about 0.42 kWh/m 3 of energy saving.

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Effect of Nonideal Solution Behavior on Desalination of a Sodium Chloride Solution and Comparison to Seawater

Cited by 32 publications

References 21 publications

Energy and exergy analysis of a novel multiple-effect vapor chamber distillation system for high-salinity wastewater treatment

Energy and exergy analysis of a novel multiple-effect vapor chamber distillation system for high-salinity wastewater treatment

Generalized Least Energy of Separation for Desalination and Other Chemical Separation Processes

Thermodynamic analysis of brine management methods: Zero-discharge desalination and salinity-gradient power production

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