Effect of Normoglycemia Before Conception on Early Pregnancy Hormone Profiles

Vd, Castracane; Jovanovič, Lois; Jl, Mills

doi:10.2337/diacare.8.5.473

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Therefore, the decreased level of these hormones in diabetic women during gestation may have restrained the development of an overtly hyperlipidemic condition in our diabetic pregnant patients. Other authors also have reported decreased plasma estradiol and prolactin levels in pregnant diabetic women who had wide glycemic excursions (43,44) that mainly corresponded to the first trimester of gestation. In a recent study, decreased plasma cholesterol and TG levels have even been found in early pregnant diabetic women with enhanced HbA 1c values (45), and although hormonal levels have not been analyzed, they also would be expected to be decreased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…We therefore propose that the decreased estradiol levels in our diabetic patients impede an exaggerated rise of circulating lipoproteins above the normal range. Because the degree of metabolic control may affect both the dyslipidemic condition of the diabetic patient (12,15,46) and the level of sex hormones during pregnancy (43,44), we propose that the development or lack of development of exaggerated hyperlipidemia in diabetic pregnancy depends on the balance between these two conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Longitudinal Study of Plasma Lipoproteins and Hormones During Pregnancy in Normal and Diabetic Women

Montelongo

Lasunción²,

Pallardo³

et al. 1992

Diabetes

207

140

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Plasma lipoproteins were studied longitudinally at the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester of gestation and at postpartum and postlactation in 12 age-matched PGDM women, 9 GDM women, and 12 healthy control subjects. FPG and HbA1c were higher in every case in PGDM women than in control subjects, whereas in GDM patients, glucose was augmented only after parturition. FFA and beta-hydroxybutyrate levels were higher in both PGDM and GDM patients than in control subjects during gestation but not after parturition. Total TGs and VLDL, LDL, and HDL TGs increased with gestational time in the three groups and declined at postpartum, and although total cholesterol and VLDL, LDL, and HDL cholesterol followed a similar trend, their rise was less pronounced, and the decline after parturition was slower than that of the TGs in the three groups, with no difference among them. The VLDL TG/cholesterol ratio declined in the three groups at the 3rd gestational trimester, whereas in both LDL and HDL, the TG/cholesterol ratio, but not the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio, increased during gestation in the three groups, indicating a specific enrichment of TGs in these particles. The increase in apoA-I and apoB with gestation was parallel to the respective changes in HDL and LDL cholesterol and, again, no difference was observed between the three groups. Plasma levels of beta-estradiol, progesterone, and prolactin increased sharply with gestation and declined at postpartum in the three groups, but absolute values of beta-estradiol and prolactin, at the three trimesters of gestation, were lower in PGDM patients, but progesterone levels were lower than controls in GDM women only at the 3rd trimester. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Study of Plasma Lipoproteins and Hormones During Pregnancy in Normal and Diabetic Women

Montelongo

Lasunción²,

Pallardo³

et al. 1992

Diabetes

207

140

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Jovanovic et al [16] reported that early PRL levels were lower than established population reference ranges in a cohort of patients with suboptimally controlled T1DM, with levels only entering the normal range after glycaemic control was achieved after 14 weeks. A later study by the same group [17] found no difference between first-trimester PRL in patients with T1DM compared with controls, a finding that was attributed to the earlier (pre-conception) achievement of glycaemic control in that particular cohort.…”

Section: Prolactin In Pregnancies Affected By Pregestational Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 84%

Prolactin in Pregnancies Affected by Pre-Existing Maternal Metabolic Conditions: A Systematic Review

Rassie

Giri

Joham

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Women affected by maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2) or by polycystic ovary syndrome experience an increased risk of pregnancy complications, as well as suboptimal lactation outcomes. The hormone prolactin plays important roles in pregnancy and postpartum, both as a metabolic and lactogenic hormone. We aimed to explore, through a systematic review, the relationship between pregestational maternal metabolic conditions and prolactin levels in pregnancy and postpartum. MEDLINE via OVID, CINAHL Plus, and Embase were searched from inception to 9 May 2022. Eligible studies included women who were pregnant or up to 12 months postpartum and had a pre-existing diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus or polycystic ovary syndrome; with reporting of at least one endogenous maternal serum prolactin level during this time. Two independent reviewers extracted the data. Eleven studies met the eligibility criteria. The studies were too diverse and heterogeneous to enable meta-analysis. Overall, prolactin levels appeared to be lower in pregnancies affected by type 1 diabetes mellitus. There was little data in polycystic ovary syndrome or type 2 diabetes pregnancy, but prolactin increment across pregnancy in polycystic ovary syndrome emerged as an area for future study. During postpartum, lactation difficulties in women with metabolic disease present before pregnancy are well-described, but the relationship to prolactin remains unclear. Overall, preliminary evidence suggests that pre-existing maternal metabolic disease may alter prolactin dynamics in pregnancy and postpartum. Further well-designed studies in modern cohorts, with standardised collection and serial sampling across pregnancy and postpartum, are required to clarify these associations.

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“…Normalisation of PRL secretion has been hypothesised to be related to glycemic control before conception. 105 Some studies comparing serial PRL levels in T1DM pregnant women to healthy controls, have reported lower PRL levels in diabetic women. [106][107][108] Others have noted that human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and 17 beta estradiol (E2) levels are often reduced in patients with TDM1 during early pregnancy, particularly in the case of poor glycemic control.…”

Section: Prolactin In Women Affected By Pregestational Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No difference in PRL values was found within the first trimester in both groups. Normalisation of PRL secretion has been hypothesised to be related to glycemic control before conception 105 …”

Section: Prolactin Effects On Pancreatic β‐Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolactin effects on the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus

Scairati,

Auriemma,

Del Vecchio

et al. 2024

Eur J Clin Investigation

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BackgroundProlactin (PRL) is a pituitary hormone promoting lactation in response to the suckling reflex. Beyond its well‐known effects, novel tissue‐specific and metabolic functions of PRL are emerging.AimsTo dissect PRL as a critical mediator of whole‐body gluco‐insulinemic sensitivity.MethodsPubMed‐based search with the following terms ‘prolactin’, ‘glucose metabolism’, ‘type 2 diabetes mellitus’, ‘type 1 diabetes mellitus’, ‘gestational diabetes mellitus’ was performed.DiscussionThe identification of the PRL‐glucose metabolism network poses the basis for unprecedented avenues of research in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus type 1 or 2, as well as of gestational diabetes. In this regard, it is of timely relevance to define properly the homeostatic PRL serum levels since glucose metabolism could be influenced by the circulating amount of the hormone.ResultsThis review underscores the basic mechanisms of regulation of pancreatic β‐cell functions by PRL and provides a revision of articles which have investigated the connection between PRL unbalancing and diabetes mellitus. Future studies are needed to elucidate the burden and the role of PRL in the regulation of glucose metabolism and determine the specific PRL threshold that may impact the management of diabetes.ConclusionA careful evaluation and context‐driven interpretation of PRL levels (e.g., pregnancy, PRL‐secreting pituitary adenomas, drug‐related hyper‐ and hypoprolactinemia) could be critical for the correct screening and management of glucometabolic disorders, such as type 1 or 2 as well as gestational diabetes mellitus.

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Effect of Normoglycemia Before Conception on Early Pregnancy Hormone Profiles

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

Longitudinal Study of Plasma Lipoproteins and Hormones During Pregnancy in Normal and Diabetic Women

Longitudinal Study of Plasma Lipoproteins and Hormones During Pregnancy in Normal and Diabetic Women

Prolactin in Pregnancies Affected by Pre-Existing Maternal Metabolic Conditions: A Systematic Review

Prolactin effects on the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus

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