Effect of number of secondary reinforcers on resistance to extinction in children.

Johnson, Neil A.

doi:10.1037/h0035469

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…They reported that subjects' persistence on this task was a direct function of the number of stimuli that were common to both acquisition and extinction. In a similar study, however, N. Johnson (1973) varied the number of stimuli present during acquisition and extinction while keeping the number of stimuli constant across the two phases for individual subjects (i.e., no stimulus change); results showed that resistance was positively related to the number of stimuli present during extinction, which supports a conditioned reinforcement interpretation for the findings of Viney et al Most likely, both processes (stimulus control and conditioned reinforcement) can operate to enhance resistance when identical stimuli are present during acquisition and extinction.…”

Section: Stimulus Change Basic (Nonclinical) Researchmentioning

confidence: 91%

Developing a Technology for the Use of Operant Extinction in Clinical Settings: An Examination of Basic and Applied Research

Lerman

Iwata

1996

J of App Behav Analysis

189

124

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Extinction of operant behavior, which involves terminating the reinforcement contingency that maintains a response, is important to the development, generalization, and reduction of behavior in clinical settings. We review basic and applied research findings on variables that influence the direct and indirect effects of extinction and discuss the potential value of a general technology for the use of extinction. We suggest that current research findings are not sufficient for the development of a comprehensive, applied technology of extinction and provide extensive guidelines for further studies on factors that may affect the course of extinction in clinical settings.DESCRIPTORS: extinction, behavior disorders, reinforcementExtinction of operant behavior involves terminating the reinforcement contingency that maintains a response, which results in a reduction in the behavior's occurrence over time. 1 Results of basic research (e.g., Ferster & Skinner, 1957;Skinner, 1938) have revealed much about its direct and indirect effects, including a number of variables that influence the general course of responding during extinction. These findings have important implications for the use of extinction in applied settings, in which behavior is ofWe thank Marc Branch, Timothy Hackenberg, Cecil Mercer, and Betty Capaldi for their helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript.Reprints may be obtained from

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Section: Stimulus Change Basic (Nonclinical) Researchmentioning

confidence: 91%