Effect of Ø 0.11 mm Z-pinning on the properties of composite laminates via an ultrasound guided insertion process

Fei, Shaohua; Wang, Weiwei; Wang, Han; Yang, Di; Ding, Huiming; Li, Jiangxiong; Ke, Yinglin

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2021.108906

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The bending stiffness D is defined as Equation ( 6), then Equation (B5) can be reduced to Equation (5), and Equation (B6) can be reduced to Equation (7).…”

Section: A P P End I X B: Internal Force Relationship Of Z-pin Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Z‐pinning is a well‐established technology for manufacturing three‐dimensional reinforced composite materials, 1 which can significantly improve the interlaminar toughness, 2 fatigue resistance, 3 and impact damage tolerance 4 ; and has high automation potential 5 and broad application prospects. Z‐pin is a metal or composite rod inserted into prepreg along the thickness direction 6,7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of anisotropy and off‐axis angle on buckling behavior of carbon/epoxy Z‐pin under axial pressure

Lin,

Song,

Wang

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

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The axial buckling load of single carbon fiber or composite strands is typically predicted using Euler's formula, developed for isotropic materials. This study introduces anisotropy in a mechanical carbon/epoxy Z‐pin model under axial pressure. It examines the influence of compressive modulus, shear modulus, off‐axis angle, and aspect ratio on its buckling behavior. Results show that the axial instability performance of the Z‐pin decreases with lower compression, shear modulus, and aspect ratio while keeping the tensile modulus fixed. Anisotropy decreases buckling load by up to 14% compared with Euler's formula, which only considers tensile modulus. Additionally, the impact of the deflection Angle between the pressure and pin‐axis can be ignored when it is less than 3°.Highlights Euler formula overestimates composite Z‐pin buckling force under axial pressure. Anisotropy decreases buckling load by up to 14% for carbon/epoxy. Shear modulus is more influential on Z‐pin with a small aspect ratio. For off‐axial compression angles <3°, influence can be ignored.

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“…The bending stiffness D is defined as Equation ( 6), then Equation (B5) can be reduced to Equation (5), and Equation (B6) can be reduced to Equation (7).…”

Section: A P P End I X B: Internal Force Relationship Of Z-pin Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of anisotropy and off‐axis angle on buckling behavior of carbon/epoxy Z‐pin under axial pressure

Lin,

Song,

Wang

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…[14][15][16] The resultant interlamianr fracture toughness was improved remarkably by z-pins. Fei et al [17] found that the z-pinned composite with 0.11 mm z-pin has a G IC value 11 times higher than that of the unpinned sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness enhancement of fine z‐pin reinforced carbon fiber composite with low fraction of pins

Che

Wang

et al. 2022

Polymer Composites

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This article aims to improve the shear delamination resistance of composite laminate and minimize implantation damage on fiber orientation by using fine z-pins.The z-pins with the diameters as small as 0.1 and 0.2 mm were prepared by using different carbon fibers. The results show that z-pinning method significantly improves the mode II interlaminar fracture toughness, and the G IIC value becomes larger with the decrease in z-pin diameter. Compared with the control sample, the precracked G IIC values of (carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composite) CFRP (0.5CF4XÀpin) , CFRP (0.2CF4XÀpin) , and CFRP (0.1CF4XÀpin) increase by 67%, 142%, and 176%, respectively. As z-pin diameter decreases from 0.5 to 0.1 mm, the failure mode changes from z-pin pullout to shear fracture. The evolution of failure mode greatly enhances the resistance to crack propagation and the final G IIC value. The carbon fiber type of pin (0.5mm) has no obvious influence on the delamination sliding resistance. For pin (0.1mm) and pin (0.2mm) , the strong deformation resistance of z-pin is the dominant factor driving the improvement of the G IIC values though providing high-shear traction load. In addition, the z-pins with large shear deformation capacity can also enhance the crack sliding resistance.

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“…Z-pinning is not only a simple process with low requirements for production equipment and low costs but also has a low impact on the intralaminar property of the laminate. 13 In delamination failure of composite materials, Z-pins do not fracture immediately. Instead, they cross the crack, boosting bridging traction and interlaminar fracture toughness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical investigations on the mode I delamination growth behavior of reinforced laminates via a ZPI (Z-pin pre-hole insertion) technique

Liu

Jin

Cheng

et al. 2023

Journal of Composite Materials

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This paper proposes a low-in-plane damage ZPI (Z-pin pre-hole insertion) process. The delamination growth behavior and the influence of Z-pin insertion density on the mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of laminate was explored experimentally and numerically. Meanwhile, Z-pin pull-out and shear tests were conducted in order to provide accurate data for the DCB simulation test. What’s more, an infinite-focus microscope was used to scan the specimen’s defect caused by the ZPI process. It can be found that the ZPI process can lead to less Z-pin inclination, fibre breaking, and crack initiation at the bonded interface. The DCB test results show that the load-displacement curve can be distinguished into four stages for the pinned specimen. In addition, a specimen pinned with a higher Z-pin volume fraction to more suitable for increasing the G IC. The simulation results show that the simulated maximum load and the G IC of the specimen are 286.63 N and 940.06 J·m−2, with a 0.56% and 10.10% error from the experimental result, indicating that the proposed FE model is validated by comparing the predictions with the experimental results. These results can provide some guidance for fabricating the reinforced laminates via the ZPI process.

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Effect of Ø 0.11 mm Z-pinning on the properties of composite laminates via an ultrasound guided insertion process

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of anisotropy and off‐axis angle on buckling behavior of carbon/epoxy Z‐pin under axial pressure

Effects of anisotropy and off‐axis angle on buckling behavior of carbon/epoxy Z‐pin under axial pressure

Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness enhancement of fine z‐pin reinforced carbon fiber composite with low fraction of pins

Experimental and numerical investigations on the mode I delamination growth behavior of reinforced laminates via a ZPI (Z-pin pre-hole insertion) technique

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