Effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on endothelial function: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Wang, Qianqian; Liang, Xiaohua; Wang, Laiyuan; Lu, Xiangfeng; Huang, Jianfeng; Cao, Jie; Li, Hongfan; Gu, Dongfeng

doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.01.006

Cited by 197 publications

(147 citation statements)

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“…44,45 In SCD, vasculopathy, inflammation and intravascular oxidative stress are crucial in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic clinical complications. Recent reports on the beneficial effects of ω-3 fatty acid supplementation on the human hematologic phenotype of SCD suggest a possible therapeutic effect of ω-3 fatty acids in SCD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…47 In SS mice, ω-3 PUFA consistently modulate ET-1, a potent vasoconstrictor, in agreement with recent metaanalyses demonstrating a significant improvement in flow-mediated dilation in subjects supplemented with FD. 45,48 This is of particular interest in the context of SCD, in which ET-1 has been implicated in severe clinical complications of SCD. 28,49 The positive impact of FD on ET-1 is not limited to the aorta but also involves the pulmonary vascular bed, where we observed a decrease in the abnor-ω-3 fatty acids in sickle cell disease haematologica | 2015; 100 (7) 877 (Figure 2A,B).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary -3 fatty acids protect against vasculopathy in a transgenic mouse model of sickle cell disease

et al. 2015

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The anemia of sickle cell disease is associated with a severe inflammatory vasculopathy and endothelial dysfunction, which leads to painful and life-threatening clinical complications. Growing evidence supports the anti-inflammatory properties of ω-3 fatty acids in clinical models of endothelial dysfunction. Promising but limited studies show potential therapeutic effects of ω-3 fatty acid supplementation in sickle cell disease. Here, we treated humanized healthy and sickle cell mice for 6 weeks with ω-3 fatty acid diet (fish-oil diet). We found that a ω-3 fatty acid diet: (i) normalizes red cell membrane ω-6/ ω-3 ratio; (ii) reduces neutrophil count; (iii) decreases endothelial activation by targeting endothelin-1 and (iv) improves left ventricular outflow tract dimensions. In a hypoxia-reoxygenation model of acute vaso-occlusive crisis, a ω-3 fatty acid diet reduced systemic and local inflammation and protected against sickle cell-related end-organ injury. Using isolated aortas from sickle cell mice exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation, we demonstrated a direct impact of a ω-3 fatty acid diet on vascular activation, inflammation, and anti-oxidant systems. Our data provide the rationale for ω-3 dietary supplementation as a therapeutic intervention to reduce vascular dysfunction in sickle cell disease. ABSTRACTmice. 16,17 The animal protocol was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Verona (CIRSAL). Twomonth old animals were fed for 6 weeks with either the standard AIN-93M purified rodent diet (soy-diet with n6/n3 ratio of 8:1 -Dyets Inc., Bethlehem, PA, USA), containing 140 g/kg casein, 1.8 g/kg L-cystine, 100 g/kg sucrose, 465.9 g/kg cornstarch, 155 g/kg dextrose, 40 g/kg soybean oil, 0.8 mg/kg t-butylhydroquinone, 50 g/kg cellulose, 35 g/kg mineral mix, 10 g/kg vitamin mix, and 2.5 g/kg choline bitartrate 18 or the ω-3 FD, an AIN-93M-based purified rodent diet in which all of the calories provided by fat (10%) are replaced by 7.9% from HCO and 2.1% from ω-3 oil (Dyets Inc., Bethlehem, PA, USA). At the end of the 6 weeks of FD supplementation, animals were anesthetized with isofluorane, and whole blood was collected from each mouse via retro-orbital venipuncture by heparinized microcapillaries. Mice were euthanized and organs removed immediately. The organs were divided into two and either frozen immediately in liquid nitrogen or fixed in 10% formalin and embedded in paraffin for histology. Whenever indicated, 6-week old mice were exposed to hypoxia (8% oxygen for 10 h) followed by 3 h of reoxygenation (21% oxygen) (H/R stress) to mimic an acute VOC, as previously described.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary -3 fatty acids protect against vasculopathy in a transgenic mouse model of sickle cell disease

et al. 2015

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“…Plasma and tissue long-chain (LC) PUFA concentrations are associated with the risk of several diet-related chronic diseases, including CVD (1)(2)(3)(4)(5) . Therefore it is important that the determinants of LC-PUFA metabolism, and concentrations in the circulation and in target tissues are fully understood.…”

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confidence: 99%

The impact of fatty acid desaturase genotype on fatty acid status and cardiovascular health in adults

O’Neill

Minihane

2016

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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The aim of this review was to determine the impact of the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genotype on plasma and tissue concentrations of the long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA, including EPA and DHA, which are associated with the risk of several diet-related chronic diseases, including CVD. In addition to dietary intakes, which are low for many individuals, tissue EPA and DHA are also influenced by the rate of bioconversion from α-linolenic acid (αLNA). Δ-5 and Δ-6 desaturase enzymes, encoded for by FADS1 and FADS2 genes, are key desaturation enzymes involved in the bioconversion of essential fatty acids (αLNA and linoleic acid (LA)) to longer chained PUFA. In general, carriers of FADS minor alleles tend to have higher habitual plasma and tissue levels of LA and αLNA, and lower levels of arachidonic acid, EPA and also to a lesser extent DHA. In conclusion, available research findings suggest that FADS minor alleles are also associated with reduced inflammation and CVD risk, and that dietary total fat and fatty acid intake have the potential to modify relationships between FADS gene variants and circulating fatty acid levels. However to date, neither the size-effects of FADS variants on fatty acid status, nor the functional SNP in FADS1 and 2 have been identified. Such information could contribute to the refinement and targeting of EPA and DHA recommendations, whereby additional LC n-3 PUFA intakes could be recommended for those carrying FADS minor alleles.

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“…As the FMD is thought to reflect the ability of the endothelium to release NO, which regulates vascular tone, this parameter may be a useful surrogate marker for cardiovascular events 5,6) . It has been reported that reduced serum levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular events and mortality 7,8) , while supplementation of n-3 PUFA improves the endothelial function 9,10) . Therefore, the cardiovascular event risklowering effects of n-3 PUFA may be mediated partly via endothelial-dependent mechanisms, and reduced serum levels of n-3 PUFA may be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events in patients with CAD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Docosahexaenoic Acid on the Endothelial Function in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Yagi

Aihara

Fukuda

et al. 2015

JAT

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Aim:The consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), reduces the incidence of cardiovascular events, and reduced serum levels of n-3 PUFA may be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. However, controversy remains regarding which components of PUFA are associated with the endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We therefore examined the associations between the n-3 and n-6 PUFA levels and CAD. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 160 consecutive Japanese patients with CAD whose endothelial function was measured according to the percent change in flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and the serum levels of n-3 PUFA, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA, and n-6 PUFA, including arachidonic acid (AA) and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DHLA). Results: A single regression analysis showed no relationships between the FMD and the serum levels of PUFA, including EPA, DHA, AA and DHLA. In contrast, a multiple regression analysis showed that the DHA level was a positive (P 0.01) and age was a negative (P 0.001) contributor to an increased FMD; however, sex, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, current/past smoking and the levels of HbA1c, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, EPA, AA and DHLA did not significantly affect the outcome.

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Effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on endothelial function: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Cited by 197 publications

References 51 publications

Dietary -3 fatty acids protect against vasculopathy in a transgenic mouse model of sickle cell disease

Dietary -3 fatty acids protect against vasculopathy in a transgenic mouse model of sickle cell disease

The impact of fatty acid desaturase genotype on fatty acid status and cardiovascular health in adults

Effects of Docosahexaenoic Acid on the Endothelial Function in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

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