Effect of Oral Terramycin Prior to Whole Body X-Radiation.

Gustafson, Gordon E.; Koletsky, Simon

doi:10.3181/00379727-78-19114

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In the light of these findings, it is not surprising that previous workers have not been able to demonstrate consistent results when antibiotics were used either before, or as treatment after, radiation injury (4)(5)(6)(8)(9)(10). In these studies, agents were given parenterally to control bacteremia and infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…When exposure reaches the lethal range, the death which follows within the next 30 days has been attributed to central nervous system damage (1), to gastrointestinal injury (2, 11), or to bone marrow failure and loss of resistance to infection, depending on the clinical manifestations of injury (3,7,10). The role of infection in these deaths has not been clearly defined, and the use of systemic antibiotic therapy has produced conflicting results (4,5,8,9). Invading bacteria are isolated sporadically from the blood during the postirradiation period, particularly during the 2nd week after radiation, but correlation between the incidence of infection and survival rate is poor (6, 12).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Role of Intestinal Bacteria in the Recovery From Whole Body Radiation

Rosoff

1963

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Exposure of the whole body to x-rays produces a degree of acute injury which is largely dose-dependent. When exposure reaches the lethal range, the death which follows within the next 30 days has been attributed to central nervous system damage (1), to gastrointestinal injury (2, 11), or to bone marrow failure and loss of resistance to infection, depending on the clinical manifestations of injury (3,7,10). The role of infection in these deaths has not been clearly defined, and the use of systemic antibiotic therapy has produced conflicting results (4,5,8,9). Invading bacteria are isolated sporadically from the blood during the postirradiation period, particularly during the 2nd week after radiation, but correlation between the incidence of infection and survival rate is poor (6, 12). Since those bacteria that are found are usually of intestinal origin, a study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of suppressing the intestinal bacterial flora on the ability to recover following lethal radiation. MaterialsGroups of Wistar strain female rats, 6 to 8 weeks of age, and averaging 140 gin in weight, were exposed to a single dose of whole body x-irradiation delivered by a standard Picker therapeutic unit. Technical factors were 260 kv, 16 ms, Cu-A1 filter with HVL 2.0 mm copper, and a target to skin distance of 70 cm. The dose rate in air was approximately 17 roentgens per minute.Non-absorbable antibiotic, either neomycin sulfate or polymyxin B, was administered in solution daily by gavage to suppress the Gram-negative flora. Cultures of the stool were taken before starting such therapy, immediately before radiation, and every 4 days thereafter. The specimens for culture were incubated overnight in thiogiycolate broth which was then used to inoculate Endo agar plates. The flora of untreated rats included Escher~hia ¢oli and other coliforms, Proteus vulgaris, Escher~hia freundii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterococci, and anaerobic organisms. In most rats, E. coli and the coliforms constitute the bulk of the Gramnegative aerobic bacteria which are eliminated from the stool by the antibiotic therapy. Although some animals continue to harbor a small number of E. coli in the gut, all were considered coliform-free if pigmented colonies were absent 24 hours after inoculation of the Endo agar plates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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confidence: 99%

The Role of Intestinal Bacteria in the Recovery From Whole Body Radiation

Rosoff

1963

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…Infection by intestinal microorganisms probably plays a major role in radiation death. This is strongly suggested by the observations that such bacteria have been recovered from the blood and various organs of animals dying after exposure to lethal doses of radiation and by the protection produced by antibiotics administered orally and parenterally (2,3,(5)(6)(7)(8)(9), 12-18, 20-27). That alterations in the microflora of the bowel can be provoked by changes in diet has been known for a long time.…”

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confidence: 99%

Studies of Intestinal Microflora VII. Effect of Diet and Fecal Microbial Flora on Survival of Animals Exposed to X Irradiation

1967

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Changes in the numbers and ratios of bacteria in the feces of rats were produced by administration of three different diets-grain, meat alone, and meat plus lactose. After significant alterations in the intestinal flora had developed, the animals were exposed to a midlethal dose of X irradiation (1,550 R). This treatment led to 100% deaths in rats in which the numbers of coliforms were increased by diet prior to irradiation. Changes in the numbers of lactobacilli appeared to play no role in determining the responses to X-ray exposure. When little or no change was produced by diet and when "normal" microflora was present, the fatality rate was reduced to 60%, and the rate of deaths was retarded when compared with that of the animals in which coliforms were increased.

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“…This probably results from (i) radiation injury to the intestinal mucosa, (ii) depression of host defense mechanisms, and (iii) changes in the intestinal microflora (5,7,9,10,15,16,18,19). That infection by intestinal bacteria plays a major role in radiation death appears to be demonstrated by the fact that these organisms can be recovered from the blood and organs of animals dying after exposure to lethal doses of total-body irradiation and by the reduction of death rates by treatment with antibiotics (4,6,11,13,15,17).…”

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confidence: 99%

Studies of Intestinal Microflora VI. Effect of X Irradiation on the Fecal Microflora of the Rat

1967

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The effect of sublethal, midlethal, and lethal doses of total-body X irradiation on the fecal microbial population of the rat was studied. No changes were observed in animals receiving sublethal doses of X ray. Midlethal and lethal doses produced an increase in the numbers of fecal coliforms, staphylococci, streptococci, and fungi; these changes were transient in rats that survived, but were more marked and persisted during life in those that died. The possible role of these alterations in intestinal microflora in post-irradiation infection and in death is discussed.

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Effect of Oral Terramycin Prior to Whole Body X-Radiation.

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

The Role of Intestinal Bacteria in the Recovery From Whole Body Radiation

The Role of Intestinal Bacteria in the Recovery From Whole Body Radiation

Studies of Intestinal Microflora VII. Effect of Diet and Fecal Microbial Flora on Survival of Animals Exposed to X Irradiation

Studies of Intestinal Microflora VI. Effect of X Irradiation on the Fecal Microflora of the Rat

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